Venezuela - Links

Venezuela - General Links
Venezuelan Directories in the World-Wide-Web
Internet Service Providers in Venezuela
Venezuelan Government
Venezuelan Communications Media
Crisis in Venezuela
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International Press and Opinion
Human Rights in Venezuela
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Venezuela - General Links:

Aeropostal (Airline)
Agrosur (Portal dirigido al Sector Agrícola en Venezuela)
Aldea Educativa
Alfredo Keller y Asociados (Investigación de mercado y opinión pública, análisis y planificación)
Asociación Venezolana para el Avance de la Ciencia (AsoVAC)
a-venezuela.com (Viajar en Venezuela)
Avior Airlines
AVTEK (Electrical Protection Products)
Banco de Venezuela
Banco Provincial
Banesco - Banco Universal
BanPlus Valores
BIVnet - Banco Industrial de Venezuela
Bolsa de Valores de Caracas
Cámara Petrolera de Venezuela
Cámara Venezolano-Americana de Comercio e Industria (VenAmCham)
CANTV - Telecomunicaciones de Venezuela [nationalized on May 22, 2007]
 - Movilnet - Telefonía Celular
 - Movilnet - Tráfico Móvil (Monitoréo del Tráfico Automotor en Caracas y Maracaibo)
Carlos Ferrán Urdaneta
Cautus Networks Corporation (Bookkeeping, management, accounting services)
Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo (CENDES) Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV)
Comunidad Andina
Confederación Venezolana de Industriales (Conindustria)
 - Posición de Conindustria sobre la Reforma Constitucional (24 de Septiembre, 2007, .pdf)
Conociendo la Constitución
Consejo Nacional de Promoción de Inversiones (CONAPRI)
Consultores 21
Corporación Internacional de Protección Integral, C.A. (CORINPROINCA)
Datanalisis (Investigación de mercados, Información sobre el entorno económico, político y social)
Datos information resources (Investigación de mercados, Información sobre el entorno económico, político y social)
D'empaire Reyna Bermúdez Abogados (DRB) (Legal Information)
Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) (United Nations)
Embajada de la India en Venezuela
Embassy of the United States in Caracas, Venezuela
F-1 Live
Federación de Cámaras y Asociaciones de Comercio y Producción de Venezuela (FEDECAMARAS)
Fe y Alegría Movimiento de Educación Popular Integral y Promoción Social
Fundación Centro Gumilla (Investigación y Acción Social de la Compañía de Jesús en Venezuela)
Fundación Daniela Chappard (Prevención de VIH/SIDA)
Fundación para el Desarrollo de la Psiconeuroinmunología (FUNDASINEIN)
Fundación Polar
Grupo G.A.N.B. (Security and Fire Protection Systems)
Hato Piñero
 - Carta Abierta a Nuestros Amigos
Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración (IESA)
Inter American Press Association
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Intersilo (Franklin Holland)
La Electricidad de Caracas (EDC) [nationalized on February 8, 2007]
Laser (Airline)
Links Meteorológicos (de Luis Mujica)
Lonely Planet World Guide: Destination Venezuela
Mapas de Venezuela (a-venezuela.com)
Me Quiero Ir (Vivir, trabajar y estudiar en Estados Unidos, Canadá, Australia y España)
MiPunto.com / Punto Tráfico (Monitoréo del Tráfico Automotor en Caracas)
Observatorio ARVAL
 - Meteorología para Caracas y la Zona del Caribe
 - Meteorology for South Florida and the Caribbean
Organización Rescate Humboldt
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Orinoco Tours
Pasión F1.com
Patricia Van Dalen
Real Academia Española (Diccionarios del Idioma Español)
 - Diccionario de la lengua española
 - Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
Reporte (El Diario Económico de Venezuela)
RESCARVEN (Servicios Médicos)
Ricardo Baez Duarte: Ineffable ideas and reflections
Ricardo Teruel (Music & Electronics)
Serigrafías Neira C.A.
Siderúrgica del Orinoco (SIDOR)
SinKbles (Equipos de computación personal - Internet con tecnología inalámbrica)
Smartmatic "Technology Solutions - All Things Connected"
Sociedad Mundial del Futuro Venezuela (SMF Venezuela)
Software de Venezuela
Sovica Electronics (Sistemas de seguridad)
Tecnoiuris.com (Raymond Orta Martinez, Abogado)
TuCarro.com (Compra y venta de carros usados)
Tu-trabajo.com (Búsqueda de empleo y empleados)
United Nations
Universidad Alejandro de Humboldt (UAH)
Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (UCAB)
Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV)
Universidad de Los Andes (ULA)
Universidad de Carabobo (UC)
Universidad de Oriente (UDO) - Núcleo de Sucre
Universidad del Zulia (LUZ)
Universidad Metropolitana (UNIMET)
Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB)
Venezuela Competitiva
Venezuela en la Universidad de Texas
Venezuela en el World Factbook de la CIA
Venezuela Maps (U. of Texas, Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection)
Venezuelan-American Broderhood (VenAmHer) Clínica Venamher
Venezuelan-American Chamber of Commerce of the United States (VACC)
Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion (CONAPRI)
Venezuela Tuya (Travel in Venezuela)
vLex (La Editorial Jurídica en Internet)
WebMedia (Internet Marketing)
WTFE - World Tel-Fax Electronics (iNFOLiNE)

See the links for Venezuelan astronomy sites at Observatorio ARVAL - Astro Links

Venezuelan Directories in the World-Wide-Web:

Auyantepui (Venezuelan WWW Directory, with search engine. Soon in English)
Infoguía Web
Latin World
Páginas Azules Digitales (Directorio Comercial, Mapas de Ciudades, Mapa de Venezuela)
Todos los periódicos diarios de Venezuela (Prensa Escrita)
Veneblogs Venezuelan Blog Directory
Venezuela HQ

Internet Service Providers in Venezuela:

AT&T Global Network Services
CANTV [nationalized on May 22, 2007]
Etheron
Internet Comunicaciones
MSN Latinoamérica - Access
TELCEL.NET
Tutopia

Internet Traffic Report - S. America

Venezuelan Government:

Alcaldía Mayor del Distrito Metropolitano de Caracas
Armada de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV)
Banco de Desarrollo Económico y Social de Venezuela (BANDES)
Banco Industrial de Venezuela (BIV)
Biblioteca Nacional de Venezuela
C.A. Metro de Caracas
Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomía (CIDA)
Centro Nacional de Tecnologías de Información (CNTI)
CITGO Petroleum Corporation
Comisión de Administración de Divisas (CADIVI)
Comisión Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (CONATEL)
Consejo Moral Republicano (Poder Ciudadano)
Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)
Consejo Nacional de Derechos del Niño y del Adolescente (CNDNA)
Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela (Diciembre 30, 1999)
Contraloría General de la República
Corporación Venezolana de Guayana (CVG)
Defensoria del Pueblo
Dirección de Hidrografía Nacional - Observatorio Naval Cagigal
Fondo de Garantía de Depósitos y Protección Bancaria (FOGADE)
Fundación Televisora de La Asamblea Nacional (ANTV)
FUNDACITE - Táchira
Galería de Arte Nacional
Gobierno en Línea
Instituto de Conservación del Lago de Maracaibo (ICLAM)
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC)
Ministerio de Comunicación e Información (MCI)
Ministerio de Finanzas (MF)
Ministerio de la Defensa de Venezuela (MD)
Ministerio de Planificación y Desarrollo (MPD)
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (MRE)
Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales Renovables (MARN)
Ministerio del Poder Popular para Ciencia y Tecnología (MCT)
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Energía y Petróleo
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Participación y Protección Social (MINEP)
Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Interiores y Justicia
Ministerio Público (Fiscalía)
Misión Permanente de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela ante las Naciones Unidas
Oficina Central de Estadística e Informática (OCEI) - Seccional Táchira
Oficina Nacional de Identificación y Extranjería (ONIDEX)
Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA)
Plataforma Nacional de Información del Estado Venezolano
Presidencia de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Proteccion Civil y Administración de Desastres
Reserva Nacional y Movilización (in "English")
Servicio de Meteorología de La Aviación
Servicio Nacional Integrado de Información Tributaria (SENIAT)
Superintendencia de Inversiones Extranjeras (SIEX)
Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)
Venirauto ensambladora de vehículos - convenio con la República islámica de Irán
Vicepresidencia de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Vive Televisora educativa, cultural e informativa

Venezuelan Communications Media:
(now under a "Gag Law")

Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias (ABN) [government controlled]
Bloque Dearmas (Armando de Armas)
Cadena Global
Cambio de Siglo (Mérida)
Canal-i (UHF TV, Caracas)
Circuito Nacional Belfort (CNB) (Radio AM/FM)
CompuTV CaracasInf
Correo del Caroní (Ciudad Guayana) [Without a printed edition due to the government blocade.
The legislature of the Estado Bolívar ordered their building to be condemned and demolished.]
Descifrado (Juan Carlos Zapata)
Diario 2001
Diario El Carabobeño
Diario El Impulso (Barquisimeto)
Diario El Mundo
Diario El Nacional
Diario El Tiempo (Valera)
Diario El Universal (with the Daily News English Section)
Diario La Razón
Diario La Verdad (Maracaibo)
Diario La Voz
Diario Notitarde (Valencia)
Diario Panorama (Maracaibo)
Diario Últimas Noticias
Diario VEA [government controlled]
El Tiempo (El Periódico del Pueblo Oriental)
El Periódico
Espacio Público (Asociación Civil)
Gentiuno - Gente del Siglo XXI
 - Trinchera (Eleonora Bruzual)
 - Carlos Alberto Montaner escribe...
Globovisión TV (Television and News, with Free Live Signal) [under "investigation" by the government]
La Hora Digital (Porlamar)
La Red, el Periódico de Internet
Meridiano Diario y Televisión (TV Sports)
Noticias24
NoticieroDigital (Primer portal de periodismo digital de Venezuela)
 - Foros de NoticieroDigital
PetroleumWorld.com (Latin American Energy, Oil & Gas)
Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) [From May 28 '07 the RCTV frequency will be used by the government to establish TVes, a "public service television". On May 26 '07 the Tribunal Supremo de Justicia illegally ordered all RCTV transmission equipment temporarily under government custody for the use of TVes.]
[From July 16 '07 Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) can be seen on private subscription carriers DirectTV, Intercable, Net Uno, Planet Cable, and Supercable.]
 - El Observador (Noticiero RCTV)
Radio Nacional de Venezuela (RNV) [government controlled]
RadioNexx La Voz de la Libertad (with Free Live TV Signal)
Revista Económica Venezolana
SieteDías Venezuela
Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Prensa (SNTP)
SuperMúsica Radio (El Portal Musical Adulto Contemporáneo)
Tal Cual Digital (Teodoro Petkoff)
teleSURtv.net [government controlled]
Televen TV
The Daily Journal [government controlled]
TVes (Televisora Venezolana Social) [government controlled - illegally using all RCTV transmission equipment]
Quinto Dia (El Semanario de los Nuevos Tiempos)
Unión Radio
Vale TV (Valores Educativos Televisión, Arzobispado de Caracas)
VenEconomy (and VenEconomía)
Venevisión
 - Noticiero Venevisión.net  [Politics, Economy, etc.]
Venezolana de Televisión (VTV) [government controlled]
Venezuela Analítica
Venezuela Today (Reports on Venezuela)
webarticulista.net (Una lectura sin compromisos)

Crisis in Venezuela:

In February 4, 1992, Hugo Chávez led a failed military coup against president Carlos Andrés Pérez, causing the deaths of many Venezuelans.
Thus started his career as a coupster ....
[Hugo Chávez, Wikipedia.org]

After 2 years in prison, in March 26, 1994, president Rafaél Caldera decided the dismissal of the cause against Hugo Chávez, and released him with his immediate accomplices. In December 14, Hugo Chávez visited Fidel Castro in La Habana.
Thus started his career as a Castro-communist ....

Hugo Chávez was elected president in December 6, 1998, with 60% of the votes (40% Enrique Salas Römer, 46% abstention) and was inaugurated in February 2, 1999. Chávez took the legal oath of office "on a dying constitution" that he "would not respect".
In March 10, 1999, he called an election for a Constituent Assembly, where his supporters got 95% of the positions with just 30% of the votes.
Thus started his dictatorial career and the opposition to it ....
In December 15, 1999, the new constitution was approved, with 72% of the votes and 56% abstention. After the voting, and after weeks of continual rains on the coastal mountains North of Venezuela, mudslides killed about 30,000 people that were never evacuated.
[Derailing Chávez's Power Grab, MiamiHerald.com - The Oppenheimer Report, August 19, 2007]
[Mr. Chávez's Power Grab, New York Times - Editorial, August 22, 2007]

General elections were held on July 30, 2000. Chávez's coalition got 66% of the seats in the National Assembly, while Chávez was reelected with 60% of the votes (38% Francisco Arias Cárdenas, 44% abstention). The Carter Center monitored the election; their report stated that, due to lack of transparency, perceived partiality of the Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE; "National Electoral Council"), and political pressure from the Chávez government that resulted in early elections, they were unable to validate the official CNE results. However, they concluded that the presidential election legitimately expressed the will of the people.
[Observing Political Change en Venezuela: The Bolivarian Constitution and the 2000 Elections, Final Report, Laura Neuman and Jennifer McCoy, Carter Center, February 2001 (.pdf)]
Thus started his career of electoral fraud ....
In August 2000 Hugo Chávez visited Saddam Hussein in Bagdad.
[Hugo Chávez, Wikipedia.org]

In April 11, 2002, a gigantic protest march in defense of the independence of Petróleos de Venezuela resulted in deaths and injuries. The military high command disobeyed orders from Hugo Chávez to attack the protestors, and asked for his resignation, "which he accepted", according to General Lucas Rincón (now Ambassador to Portugal). In April 11, 2002, Hugo Chávez was returned to the presidency by a military faction led by General Raúl Isaías Baduel.
[Political Crisis in Venezuela, Human Rights Watch - Background Briefing, July 2002]
[In June 24, 2006 Baduel was promoted to General in Chief and appointed Minister of Defense. In July 18, 2007, Baduel was retired and resigned as Minister to begin opposing Chávez.]

45.5% of the Venezuelan population; 10.8 million people, now live in poverty.
[BBC Mundo | América Latina | Economía, Julio 10, 2002] (in Spanish, there is no English version)

In February/March, 2003, Hugo Chávez, fired 18,756 managers, engineers, technicians and qualified workers from Petróleos de Venezuela which had opposed the politization of that company supporting the general strike of December 2002 and January 2003 (including 69% of the managers). Petróleos de Venezuela then forbade their employment by the contractors.
[Troubles at Post-Strike PDVSA Translate to Investor Indifference, Stratfor, March 26, 2003]

55.1% of the Venezuelan population; 14.9 million people, by the end of 2003 lived in poverty.
[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) - Reporte Social, Octubre 2004]

In May 14, 2004, the National Assembly, with just a simple majority, illegally increased from 20 to 32, the number of judges in the Supreme Justice Tribunal to give Hugo Chávez control over the judiciary.
[Venezuela: Chávez Allies Pack Supreme Court, Human Rights Watch, 14-12-2004]

In August 15, 2004, a referendum was held to try and revoque the rule of Hugo Chávez. After a massive fraud, he declared himself the winner with 60% of the votes and the approval of the Carter Center and the Organization of American States (OAS).
[Fraud againt Democracy - The Venezuelan Case, October 15, 2004]
[The Venezuela Presidential Recall Referendum: Final Reports, Carter Center, 25 Feb 2005]
[Un Fraude Largamente Preparado, urru.org, documents in Spanish, English, and French]
The names of those Venezuelans that signed for the referendum where published by the nacional assembly member Luis Tascón, thus started his career of political purges ....
[Luis Tascón Wikipedia]

For the first quarter of 2005, household poverty is in 38.5% and extreme poverty at 10.1% (sic).
[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) - La Pobreza, Octubre 2005]

Between 1998 and 2005, homicides have grown 128%, kidnappings in 426%, executions and gang murders in 253%, on a national level.
[Homicides in Venezuela jumped 128% for the period 1998-2005] (Vcrisis, 05.09.2006)

Since 1998 the industrial sector has decreased almost 40% (of 11,117 industries then, only 6,756 remain in 2007).
[Confederación Venezolana de Industriales (Conindustria), "Cerco empresarial 2007"]

Unemployment among the young is 18.4%, twice the national average.
More than 60% of the active labor population only have informal employment.
[La Exclusión laboral, Juan Martín Echeverría, El Universal, October 1 '06, in Venezuela Real]

Lack of confidence in the electoral system, resulting in more than 75% of abstention on December 2005, giving Hugo Chávez 100% of the National Assembly.
[See the pages of Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)]

But, on December 3, 2006, Hugo Chávez declared himself reelected with some 63% of the votes,
against Manuel Rosales (Un Nuevo Tiempo) with 37%, and 26% of abstention.
11,777,126 votes counted, 99%, on December 18 '06.
[See the pages of Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE),
Denunciation of the Venezuelan Electoral System International Venezuelan Council for Democracy (IVCD),
and Why the Venezuelan election was fraudulent Fuerza Solidaria - Alejandro Peña Esclusa]

And, on January 31, 2007, Hugo Chávez was granted dictatorial powers to legislate for 18 months by the Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela.

Accordding to the Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV), inflation in Venezuela between May 2006 and May 2007 was the largest in Latinamerica: 19.5%.

From May 28, 2007 the frequency of Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) is being used by the government to establish TVes, a "public service television". On May 26 '07 the Tribunal Supremo de Justicia illegally ordered all RCTV transmission equipment temporarily under government custody for the use of TVes.
[This measure is generating protests around the country]
[From July 16 '07 Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) can be seen on private subscription carriers DirectTV, Intercable, Net Uno, Planet Cable, and Supercable]

2006 PDVSA revenue fell nearly 16% from 2005, the local profits fell more than 65% while our oil prices rose more than 19%, social expences almost duplicated to $13,781 million, according to their audited financial statements presented Friday 7, September '07.
[See El Universal, Marianna Párraga, Septiembre 11, 2007]

In December 2, 2007, Hugo Chávez ilegally submitted to a referendum a new constitution; Communist and even more presidentialist than the one from the Constituent Assembly of 1999, permitting his continued reelection and restricting human rights and private property.
Human Rights are inalienable, and a fundamental change in the constitution can only be made by a Constituent Assembly, never by a minority in a referendum.
[See "The nitty-gritty of the amendments" in Veneconomy Points of View]
[See Venezuela - President for life in Economist.com]
[See List of proposed changes in Venezuela referendum MiamiHerald.com, 12-02-2007]
[See Universal Declaration of Human Rights in United Nations - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)]
[This measure generated protests around the country]
[In November 5, 2007, Retired General Raúl Isaías Baduel rejected the new constitution, calling it a "fraud"]

At 01:15 on December 3, the CNE announced that the new constitution was rejected 51% vs 49%, with 44% abstention (with just 9,002,439 votes counted).
[See Venezuela Hands Narrow Defeat to Chávez Plan in The New York Times]
[See CNE - Resultados]
Thus started his career as a looser ....

After more than 45 days since the referendum on the constitutional reform,
Asociación Civil Súmate demands the CNE publishes the definitive results.
See Hay serias incongruencias en resultados del CNE sobre el referéndum constitucional (.pdf, Ene 20 '08)
Informe Súmate - Referéndo Sobre Proyecto de Reforma Constitucional (.pdf, Ene 24 '08)

On April 2, 2008, more than 122 days after the referendum, 1.8 milion votes remain uncounted.
[See Lucena y sus Cuentos de Camino in Venezuela Real: Óscar Lucien, El Nacional, 4 de Abril 2008]

A sample from the proposed new constitution; from article 136:
"The people are depositaries of the sovereignty and exercise it directly through the Popular Power. This is not born from suffrage or any election, but is born from the condition of the human groups organized as the base of the population."
[See Texto completo del Proyecto de Reforma Constitucional in Venezuela Real]
This contradicts article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
"The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures."

The new article 337 allows the president to declare a "state of exception" and temporarily suspend the right to due judicial process, violating articles 10 and 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
[See Reforma Constitucional in Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela]

In October 24 '07 the Asamblea Nacional added a "right to a defense" in the new article 337.
[See Parlamento aprobó artículo de los estados de excepción in Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela]
[But see also article 337 of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (December 30, 1999), where the "right to due process" is much more than a "right to a defense"]

From the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (December 30, 1999):

Article 25:
Any act on the part of the Public Power that violates or encroaches upon the rights guaranteed by this Constitution and by law is null and void, and the public employees ordering or implementing the same shall incur criminal, civil and administrative liability, as applicable in each case, with no defense on grounds of having followed the orders of a superior.

Article 333:
This Constitution shall not cease to be in effect if it ceases to be observed due to acts of force or because of repeal in any manner other than as provided for herein.
In such eventuality, every citizen, whether or not vested with official authority, has a duty to assist in bringing it back into actual effect.

Article 350:
The people of Venezuela, true to their republican tradition and their struggle for independence, peace and freedom, shall disown any regime, legislation or authority that violates democratic values, principles and guarantees or encroaches upon human rights.

In January 12, 2008, Hugo Chávez said in his annual report before the National Assembly, that the FARC and ELN "are insurgent forces with a political project that is respected here". His National Assembly, sheepishly approved.
[See ESPECIAL: Chávez presentó su Informe en la AN in Noticias24]

In February 25, 2008, Clodosbaldo Russián, the general comptroller, filed before the directors of the CNE a list of 400 public officials inconstitucionally disabled by his office to opt for popularly elected office. None of the included will be able to run in the 2008 regional elections. Among these are the opposition leaders Leopoldo López, Enrique Mendoza, Oscar Pérez, Enrique Ochoa Antich and Alfredo Peña.
[See Contralor llevó al CNE la lista de 400 inhabilitados para postularse in El Universal]

In March 3, 2008, General Oscar Naranjo, head of the Colombian National Police, unveiled documents seized from guerrilla leader Raúl Reyes, who was killed last Saturday by the Colombian Army, which show an alliance, old contacts and even financial aid between the rebel Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC) and Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez.
[See Colombia Discloses Documentes linking Chávez to the FARC in El Universal Daily News]
[See Alleged Chavez's Call to Reyes Revealed Location of FARC Camp in El Universal Daily News]
[See FARC files may still hurt Chávez, Correa in MiamiHerald.com, The Oppenheimer Report]

Results:

Visit sites from both groups to inform your opinion

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Warning: Use a High Security Level for browsing in these sites.
Register them as Restricted sites (in MS Internet Explorer):
 (Menu: Tools - Internet Options - Security - Restricted sites - Sites - Add).
Do not download any software from them, and delete their Cookies; they are tagging "Spyware".
(See the section on PC Security)

Venezuelan "Officialist" Contemporary Politics   (1999 - 2008):

aporrea.org - Venezuela "Agencia popular alternativa de noticias"
Autonomia Islámica Wayuu "Hezbollah Venezuela" [This MSN group has been disabled]
Cibernéticos Bolivarianos El Portal Bolivariano
Círculo Bolivariano 17 de Marzo Página de apoyo al proceso de cambios liderado por Hugo Chávez Frías
Círculo Bolivariano Abre Brecha Parroquia 23 de Enero
Contragobernanza "Contra el Gobierno de las Empresas"
el 23 barrios, callejones y sueños
El Militante Corriente Marxista Internacional
 - Corriente Marxista Revolucionaria (Venezuela)
Global Exchange "Building People-to-People Ties"
Hands Off Venezuela! "In Solidarity with the Venezuelan Revolution"
Las Verdades de Miguel (Miguel Salazar)
Luis Tascón "Diputado a la Asamblea Nacional por el Estado Táchira"
Misión Florentino (Comando Maisanta)
Observatorio Global de Medios de Venezuela
Ojo Electoral (Asociación Civil)
Portal ALBA "Alternativa Bolivariana para la América"
Venezuelanalysis.com "On line News, Views and Analysis from Venezuela"
VenezuelaFOIA.info "devoted to investigating US meddling in Venezuela", Eva Golinger
Venezuela Information Office (VIO) "to educate the public about contemporary Venezuela"
www.vheadline.com - VHeadline: News & Views about Venezuela, Roy S. Carson
Very dangerous site, be sure to register it as Restricted site (in MS Internet Explorer):
 (Menu: Tools - Internet Options - Security - Restricted sites - Sites - Add).
Do not download any software from it, and delete its Cookies; they are tagging "Spyware".

Also see the official sites of the Venezuelan Government in the main section of this page.

The Opposite Side of the Coin   (2002 - 2008):

11abril.com
Acuerdo Social
Adolfo R. Taylhardat (Diputado al Parlamento Latinoamericano)
Alcaldía de Baruta
Alcaldía de Chacao
Asociación Civil Ciudadanía Activa
Asociación Civil Súmate
 - Information on the State of Democracy in Venezuela
 - Venezuela en Cifras Oficiales (Indicadores económicos y sociales, .pdf, Noviembre 2006)
 - Hay serias incongruencias en resultados del CNE sobre el referéndum constitucional (.pdf, Jan 20 '08)
 - Informe Súmate - Referéndo Sobre Proyecto de Reforma Constitucional (.pdf, Jan 25 '08)
Asociación Civil Queremos Elegir
Bloque Democrático (Desobediencia ciudadana de carácter constitucional)
Caracas Radio TV [Blocked by the government. Inaccesible from the DNS of CANTV.net] [see OpenDNS]
 - Caracas Radio TV [.tk accesible from CANTV.net]
Centro de Divulgación del Conocimiento Económico (CEDICE) (Asociación Civil)
ColorEsperanza
Comando Nacional de la Resistencia (CNR)
Democracy and Development (Reports on Venezuela)
El Gusano de Luz
El Liberal Venezolano
enOpinión (Omar Estacio)
EntornoInteligente.com (Información Estratégica)
EsData (Por el derecho a elegir en Venezuela)
 - The Systematic Annihilation of The Right to Vote in Venezuela (July 16, '07, .pdf, 222 KB)
Foro de Oposición Venezolana (Yahoo! Grupos)
Frente Democratico de Liberacion Nacional
Frente Patriótico (compromiso existencial de luchar por el rescate de la Democracia)
Fuerza Solidaria (Asociación Civil, Presidente: Alejandro Peña Esclusa) [Tips revolucionarios]
 - Why the Venezuelan election was fraudulent
Gente de Redes (Imposibilidades Matemáticas en Resultados Oficiales del Referéndum Revocatorio)
Independent Venezuelan-American Citizens (IVAC)
La corrupción en tiempo de Chávez
La Verdad nos hará Libres!! - Sólo la Verdad!! (Néstor Luis Álvarez M.)
Llegó el Momento (Pruebas del fraude electoral del 3 de Diciembre 2006, Ana Díaz)
 - Documentos (.zip)
Libertad y Democracia (Protesta Mundial el 11 de Abril 2008)
Liderazgo y Visión (Asociación Civil. Un Sueño para Venezuela. Gerver Torres, Director General)
Marcos Petri (Lo De Hoy Venezuela)
Megaresistencia.com
notiven.com (Noticias de Venezuela)
Organización de Venezolanos en el Exilio (ORVEX)
Plataforma Democrática (Venezolanos en Madrid)
Pobreza - Un mal superable
Pro Venezuela Organization (ProVeO) (Aleksander Boyd, Founder and Director)
RadioVenezuela.org
Reconocelos.com
Red de Veedores
Red Escualidos.net
Resistencia Civil de Venezolanos en el Exterior (RECIVEX)
Resistencia Catia-Caracas
Roberto Weil (Caricature Drawings)
Sammy Eppel (Artículos de Prensa)
SieteDias Venezuela
Soberanía (Ambiente, Energía, Política)
urru.org (Texts, photographic, audio and video documentation on the Venezuelan political crisis)
 - Calendario de Varios Eventos y Links sobre Venezuela
 - Un Fraude Largamente Preparado (Referéndum Revocatorio - August 15 2004)
Vcrisis (Venezuelan News and Analysis. Aleksander Boyd, John Sweeney)
 - Vcrisis List of missing persons and political prisoners in Venezuela
Venezolanos en Línea
Venezuela.com (Venezuela Information)
Venezuela Activa - contrachavez.org (Noticias de Venezuela - America Latina)
Venezuela Awareness Foundation (Promoting democracy and human rights)
Venezuela Futura
VenezuelaNet.org (Por la recuperación de la democracia en Venezuela)
Venezuela Real
Visión Iberoamérica
WebArticulista.net (Luis DE LION Editor)
www.MilitaresDemocraticos.com

Also see the "Blogs":
Alex Beech
Ana Julia Jatar - Weblog
Caracas Chronicles (Francisco Rodríguez)
 - The Untold Story of Venezuela's 2002 April Crisis
Crónicas y otras naranjas (Doménico Chiappe)
Diplodemocracia Bilingual information on Venezuela and its international relations
doctorpolitico.com
Dolar Paralelo
El Blog de William Dávila
El Informe Gessen (Vladimir Gessen)
El Liberal Venezolano (Larry Nieves)
Grupo G-400+ Venezuela (Agrupación informal de carácter técnico, plural e independiente)
Las Armas de Coronel (Gustavo Coronel)
Martha Colmenares
Mi Blog Escuálido (Ironú Mora)
Pedro G. Paúl Bello Weblog
PMBComments on the State of Democracy in Venezuela and more ... (Pedro Mario Burelli)
Radar de los Barrios (Asociación Civil)
Soledad Morillo Belloso (Escribidora de Oficio)
The Devil's Excrement (Miguel Octavio)
The Oppenheimer Report on Latin America (Andrés Oppenheimer, Miami Herald)
Un Puntico Más (Rodolfo Schmidt)
vdebate - Venezuela Debate
Venezuela News And Views (Daniel Duquenal & Alex Beech)
Venezuela Real (con archivos y suscripción por e-mail)
Venezuela: Tierra de Gracia
Weblog Venezolano (Discusiones frecuentes sobre política, economía, entretenimiento, salud y tecnología)
Yo Estoy con RCTV!

International Press and Opinion:

ABC.es: Iberoamérica
Agencia Cubana de Noticias División de la Agencia de Información Nacional (AIN)
Agenda: Cuba (Lucha por el cambio dentro de Cuba)
AIPEnet (Agencia Interamericana de Prensa Económica)
Albert Einstein Institution (Advancing freedom through nonviolent action)
 - From Dictatorship to Democracy (Gene Sharp, 1993, .pdf)
American Security Council Foundation (ASCF)
 - ASCF: About Hugo Chavez
Americas.org - Venezuela (Resource Center of the Americas)
Analysis of Voting Data from the Recent Venezuelan Referendum [Aug 15 '04] (Edward W. Felten, Department of Computer Science, Princeton University. Aviel D. Rubin, Adam Stubblefield, Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University. Sep 1, 2004)
Asamblea para Promover la Sociedad Civil en Cuba (¡Para Cuba, Ya es hora!)
Babalú Blog (Valentín Prieto)
Barrio Afuera (Solidaridad sin Fronteras)
BBC News | Americas (International version)
Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) Shaping Change-Strategies of Development and Transformation
 - BTI 2008: Venezuela Country Report
Bloomberg.com (Information services, news and media)
Cambio.com.co (Bogotá, Colombia)
Center for Security Policy
 - Americas Report Archives (Menges Hemispheric Security Project)
Centro de Economía Latinoamericana (CESLA)
Centro para la Apertura y el Desarrollo de América Latina (CADAL)
CNN (Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News)
CNSNews.com (The Cybercast News Service)
Contacto Magazine
Counterterrorism Blog
Cuba bajo el Socialismo (En la voz de su propio pueblo)
Cuba, Democracia y Vida
Cuba Libre Digital
Cuban-American National Foundation (CANF/FNCA)
CubaNet
Cuba On-Line database (Research and information on economics, politics and social issues)
Cuba Transition Project (Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, University of Miami)
CubDest Servicio de Difusión (Desde Cuba en el Destierro)
Diario de América / America's Daily
Diario El País - Internacional - América Latina (Madrid, España)
Diario La Nación (Argentina)
Directorio Democrático Cubano (Non-Cooperation Campaign)
Economist.com
 - Venezuela Page
El Nuevo Herald (Miami, Florida, USA)
 - El Nuevo Herald - Venezuela
 - El Nuevo Herald - América Latina
 - Andrés Oppenheimer (El Nuevo Herald)
ElTiempo.com (Principales noticias de Colombia y el mundo)
 - Últimas Noticias de Venezuela en ElTiempo.com
Encuentro en la red (Diario independiente de asuntos Cubanos)
En defensa del neoliberalismo (Adolfo Rivero Caro)
European Union | Election Observation Mission to Venezuela 2006
 - Election Observation Mission to Venezuela 2005
Expat-Village (Rincon Reminder)
Financial Times (World business, finance and political news. London, UK)
Forbes.com (Business and Financial News, USA)
Foreign Affairs
 - In Search of Hugo Chávez (Michael Shifter, May/June 2006)
 - Slouching Toward Authoritarianism (Michael Shifter update, November 7, 2007)
 - An Empty Revolution (Francisco Rodríguez, March/April, 2008)
Foreign Policy (FP) (Global Politics & Economics, Moisés Naím editor and publisher)
 - FP Passport (Editors blogging on global news, politics, economics and ideas)
 - The Return of the Idiot (May/June '07, Alvaro Vargas Llosa)
FOX News
Francis Fukuyama (School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University)
Freedom House (A clear voice for democracy and freedom around the world)
 - Country Report: Venezuela - 2006
Fundación Internacional para la Libertad (FIL) (Mario Vargas Llosa)
Fundación para el Análisis y los Estudios Sociales (FAES) (José María Aznar)
Gramma International (Republic of Cuba, Havana)
Google News Search - Venezuela
Human Events Conservative News, Views & Books (USA)
Infobae (Argentina)
 - Venezuela - en los últimos 30 días
Insight Magazine
Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT)
 - Hezbollah America Latina: Strange Group or Real Threat? Dr. Ely Karmon, November 14, 2006
Instituto Prensa y Sociedad (IPYS)
Inter American Press Association (SIP/IAPA)
 - Information - 63rd General Assembly
InterCuba.com (Publicidad e Información)
International Association of Broadcasters (AIR-IAB) (Radio & Television)
International Crisis Group (Conflict prevention and resolution)
International Herald Tribune (World News, Analysis, and Global Opinions)
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)
International Press Institute (IPI)
International Venezuelan Council for Democracy (IVCD)
 - Denunciation of the Venezuelan Electoral System
La Nueva Cuba (Primer Periódico Cubano Independiente en la Internet)
La Prensa (El Periódico Hispano de la Florida)
Latin American Studies (Dr. Antonio Rafael de la Cova)
Latinobarómetro (Opinión Pública Latinoamericana)
Madres y Mujeres Anti-Represión (M.A.R.) por Cuba
Martí Noticias (U.S. Office of Cuba Broadcasting, Radio y TV Martí Online)
National Review Online
 - Venezuela in the National Review Online (2004-2008)
NetforCuba.org (The realities of Cuba today)
Noticuba Internacional (Un medio al servicio de la verdad)
Nueva Mayoría (El portal sociopolítico de Iberoamérica)
NewsMax - Latin America
Olavo de Carvalho (Sapientiam Autem Non Vincit Malitia) [Malice does not defeat wisdom, Saint Paul]
 - The Revolutionary Mentality ["The revolutionary is the worst enemy of the human species"]
Oxford Analytica (International, independent consulting firm)
Pilar Rahola (Essays, lectures, interviews and photographs)
Rebelión - Venezuela (Heinz Dieterich, James Petras, Marta Harnecker, Noam Chomsky, and others)
Reporters Without Borders
Stratfor (Strategic Forecasting, w/Free Intelligence Reports)
The Cato Institute (Research foundation headquartered in Washington, D.C.)
 - Corruption, Mismanagement, and Abuse of Power in Hugo Chávez's Venezuela
   (Gustavo Coronel, November 27, 2006)
 - Hugo Chávez's Unfulfilled Promises (Gustavo Coronel, December 1, 2006)
 - A Letter to Danny Glover (Gustavo Coronel, May 31, 2007)
 - Misreading Venezuela (Gustavo Coronel, August 15, 2007)
 - Will the frog jump? (Gustavo Coronel, September 28, 2007)
 - Hugo Choice (Gustavo Coronel, November 30, 2007)
The Conservative Voice
The Heritage Foundation: Policy Research and Analysis
 - 2006 Index of Economic Freedom - Venezuela
The Investigative Project on Terrorism
The Miami Herald - Americas
 - The Oppenheimer Report
The New Media Journal (NMJ) (Researched Opinion - News Beyond the Headlines)
The New York Times (NYT)
 - Venezuela News - Breaking World Venezuela News
The Real Cuba
The Wall Street Journal (Business & Financial News)
The World Bank
 - Worldwide Governance Indicators 2007: Venezuela, 1996-2006 (.pdf)
Urgente 24 (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
U.S. Department of State - Venezuela
 - U.S. Embassy - Venezuela (Page in the U.S.A.)
 - U.S. Embassy - Venezuela (Page in Venezuela)
VOA News - Voice of America - English News
WashingtonPost.com: World, South America. Desde Washington, Marcela Sanchez
 - Chavez accelerates Venezuela's socialist revolution (January 9, 2007)
World-Check (Reducing Risk Through Intelligence)
World Economic Forum
 - Global Competitiveness Report
WorldNetDaily (A Free Press for a Free People)
World Social Forum 2007 (WSF 2007)
World Socialist Web Site Published by the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI)
WorldThreats.com (Ryan Mauro, Investigating your National Security - USA)

Human Rights in Venezuela:

Amnesty International, Amnistía Internacional - Venezuela
Centro de Asesoría y Promoción Electoral (CAPEL) (Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos)
COFAVIC Promoción y Protección de los Derechos Humanos
Familias Unidas Asociación Civil (FUNAC) Por la libertad, la justicia y el respeto!
Foro Penal Venezolano Asociación Civil de Abogados Penalistas. Representación de víctimas de violación de derechos humanos.
Human Rights Watch (HRW) - Venezuela
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR - OAS) (Organization of American States)
[Since May 2002 Venezuela has been denying the Commission its permission for another visit]
[See Annual Report 2006 - Chapter IV - Human Rights Developments in Venezuela]
Inter-American Court of Human Rights (OAS)
National Endowment for Democracy (NED), Venezuela Programs Facts
Observatorio Venezolano de Prisiones Derechos Humanos en el ámbito penitenciario venezolano
Organization of American States (OAS) [Observers of the Recall Referendum fraud in 2004]
 - OAS: Inter-American Democratic Charter
Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos (Provea)
Red de Apoyo por la Justicia y la Paz
Simon Wiesenthal Center
 - SWC Condemns Inflamatory Statements by Venezuela's President Hugo Chávez March 6, 2008
 - President Chavez' Selective Remembrance: A Tribute To His Host Ahmadinejad July 6, 2007
The Carter Center [Observers of the Recall Referendum fraud in 2004]
The Human Rights Foundation (HRF)
 - Caracas Nine (Nine Victims of Political Persecution in Venezuela)
Transparency International (Corruption Perceptions Index)
Venezuela is 162^th of 179 countries in 2007, the 17^th most corrupt in the world.
Venezuela was 138^th of 163 countries in 2006, the 25^th most corrupt in the world.
It was 130^th in 2005, 114^th in 2004, 100^th in 2003, 81^th in 2002, 69^th in 2001, 71^th in 2000, 75^th in 1999, 77^th in 1998.
 - Transparencia Venezuela (Prevenir y disminuir el uso del poder público para beneficio personal)
According to the Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV), it can be stated that, by the end of fiscal exercise 2004, there was a difference of US $3,500 million between the money reported as paid by PDVSA and the amount that reached the BCV.
The Venezuelan government intervened in the official process for participation by Transparencia Venezuela at the Organization of American States (OAS) with the aim of silencing the 2006 report on that country's compliance with the Inter-American Convention against Corruption.
Un Fraude Largamente Preparado (urru.org - Índice de Documentos 2004 - Varios del fraude)
 - En busca del cisne negro Análisis de la evidencia estadística sobre el fraude electoral en Venezuela.
   Estudio de R. Haussman y R. Rigobón, para Súmate. (.pdf, Adobe Acrobat Document, Sep 3 '04)
 - Fraud Against Democracy: The Venezuelan Case (.pdf, Adobe Acrobat Document, Oct 15 '04)
 - Fraud Against Democracy: The Venezuelan Case (Summary) (MS Word Document, Oct 15 '04)
 - Impugnacion del Referéndo Revocatorio ante el CNE (MS Word Document)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights United Nations - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)

The First Law of Petropolitics: The price of oil and the pace of freedom always move in opposite directions. Thomas L. Friedman, Foreign Policy, May/June '06.

New Time Zone for Venezuela:

From 24 September 2007^* the Time Zone for Venezuela would be GMT - 4:30 hrs.
This time zome is not available from the Windows Control Panel - Date and Time - Time Zone.

^* [This change was again delayed, till December 9, 03:00]
   Hotfix to add a time zone in Venezuela (GMT-4:30) for 2007 in Windows XP, Server 2003, and Vista,
   Microsoft Support, September 28 '07.

Manual solution:

1. Download and run the Windows Time Zone Editor (TZEDIT.EXE) from Microsoft Support or from Microsoft Download.
2. Create a new Time Zone, i.e. "New Time Zone VE", for GMT - 4:30 hrs.
3. Activate it (when it is in effect) from the Control Panel - Date and Time - Time Zone.

This time zone change backs your clock, and advances all astronomical events, in 30 minutes.

This is the original time zone for the Legal Time in Venezuela, adopted in 1912 and based on the meridian of Villa de Cura (Longitude 67.5° W, Estado Aragua). It replaced the meridian based on Punta de Playa (Longitude 60° W, Estado Delta Amacuro) adopted in 1965 for GMT - 4 hrs.

Longitude on Earth is related to Local Time:
360° of Longitude equal 24 hours, this is; 1 hour equals 15° of Longitude (360/24 = 15).
67.5° of Longitude equal 4.5 hours (67.5/15 = 4.5).

With a time zone of GMT - 4 hrs, in 2007:
The Sun is zenital over Caracas on April 17 at 12:27, and August 26 at 12:29. ^*
The earliest sunrise occurs on May 30 at 06:04, and the latest on January 27 at 06:51. ⁺
The earliest sunset occurs on November 18 at 18:01, and the latest on July 13 at 18:54. ⁺
[All these events would be advanced by 30 minutes with the Time Zone GMT - 4:30 hrs]
With a time zone of GMT - 4:30 hrs, in 2007:
The earliest sunset would occur on November 18 at 17:31. ⁺

^* See Topocentric Positions of Major Solar System Objects and Bright Stars at the US Naval Observatory,
   or NOAA Solar Position Calculator.

⁺ Calculated with SunGraph for Macintosh & PC, at Analemma (Bob Urschel).

With a time zone of GMT - 4 hrs, for Caracas:
The earliest sunrise occurs at 06:04, and the latest at 06:51.
The earliest sunset occurs a las 18:01, and the latest at 18:54.

With a time zone of GMT - 4:30 hrs, for Caracas:
The earliest sunrise occurs at 05:34, and the latest at 06:21.
The earliest sunset occurs at 17:31, and the latest at 18:24.

This page was updated in: May 10, '08

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