Venezuela - Links


Venezuela - General Links
Venezuelan Directories in the World-Wide-Web
Internet Service Providers in Venezuela
Venezuelan Government
Venezuelan Communications Media
Crisis in Venezuela
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Venezuela - General Links:

Aeropostal (Airline)
Agrosur (Portal dirigido al Sector Agrícola en Venezuela)
Aldea Educativa
Alfredo Keller y Asociados (Investigación de mercado y opinión pública, análisis y planificación)
Asociación Venezolana para el Avance de la Ciencia (AsoVAC)
a-venezuela.com (Viajar en Venezuela)
Avior Airlines
AVTEK (Electrical Protection Products)
Banco de Venezuela
Banco Provincial
Banesco - Banco Universal
BanPlus Valores
BIVnet - Banco Industrial de Venezuela
bolívar Banco
Bolsa de Valores de Caracas
Cámara Petrolera de Venezuela
Cámara Venezolano-Americana de Comercio e Industria (VenAmCham)
CANTV - Telecomunicaciones de Venezuela [nationalized on May 22, 2007]
 - Movilnet - Telefonía Celular
 - Movilnet - Tráfico Móvil (Monitoréo del Tráfico Automotor en Caracas y Maracaibo)
Carlos Ferrán Urdaneta
Cautus Networks Corporation (Bookkeeping, management, accounting services)
Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo (CENDES) Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV)
Comunidad Andina
Confederación de Asociaciones Israelitas de Venezuela (CAIV)
Confederación Venezolana de Industriales (Conindustria)
 - Posición de Conindustria sobre la Reforma Constitucional (24 de Septiembre, 2007, .pdf)
Conociendo la Constitución
Consejo Nacional de Promoción de Inversiones (CONAPRI)
Consultores 21
Corporación Internacional de Protección Integral, C.A. (CORINPROINCA)
Datanalisis (Investigación de mercados, Información sobre el entorno económico, político y social)
Datos information resources (Investigación de mercados, Información sobre el entorno económico, político y social)
D'empaire Reyna Bermúdez Abogados (DRB) (Legal Information)
Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) (United Nations)
Embajada de la India en Venezuela
Embassy of the United States in Caracas, Venezuela
F-1 Live
Federación de Cámaras y Asociaciones de Comercio y Producción de Venezuela (FEDECAMARAS)
Fe y Alegría Movimiento de Educación Popular Integral y Promoción Social
Fundación Centro Gumilla (Investigación y Acción Social de la Compañía de Jesús en Venezuela)
Fundación Daniela Chappard (Prevención de VIH/SIDA)
Fundación La Tortuga (Protección del medio ambiente y su biodiversidad)
Fundación para el Desarrollo de la Psiconeuroinmunología (FUNDASINEIN)
Fundación Polar
Grupo G.A.N.B. (Security and Fire Protection Systems)
Hato Piñero
 - Carta Abierta a Nuestros Amigos
Mariano de Briceño, Historia de la Isla de Margarita (1885)
Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración (IESA)
Intersilo (Franklin Holland)
La Electricidad de Caracas (EDC) [nationalized on February 8, 2007]
Laser (Airline)
Links Meteorológicos (de Luis Mujica)
Lonely Planet World Guide: Destination Venezuela
Mapas de Venezuela (a-venezuela.com)
Me Quiero Ir (Vivir, trabajar y estudiar en Estados Unidos, Canadá, Australia y España)
MiPunto.com / Punto Tráfico (Monitoréo del Tráfico Automotor en Caracas)
Observatorio ARVAL
 - Meteorología para Caracas y la Zona del Caribe
 - Meteorology for South Florida and the Caribbean
Organización Nacional de Salvamento y Seguridad Marítima de los espacios Acuáticos de Venezuela (ONSA)
Organización Rescate Humboldt
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Orinoco Tours
Pasión F1.com
Patricia Van Dalen
Real Academia Española (Diccionarios del Idioma Español)
 - Diccionario de la lengua española
 - Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
Reporte (El Diario Económico de Venezuela)
RESCARVEN (Servicios Médicos)
Ricardo Baez Duarte: Ineffable ideas and reflections
Ricardo Teruel (Music & Electronics)
Serigrafías Neira C.A.
Siderúrgica del Orinoco (SIDOR)
SinKbles (Equipos de computación personal - Internet con tecnología inalámbrica)
Smartmatic "Technology Solutions - All Things Connected"
Sociedad Mundial del Futuro Venezuela (SMF Venezuela)
Software de Venezuela
Sovica Electronics (Sistemas de seguridad)
Tecnoiuris.com (Raymond Orta Martinez, Abogado)
TuCarro.com (Compra y venta de carros usados)
Tu-trabajo.com (Búsqueda de empleo y empleados)
United Nations
Universidad Alejandro de Humboldt (UAH)
Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (UCAB)
Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV)
Universidad de Los Andes (ULA)
Universidad de Carabobo (UC)
Universidad de Oriente (UDO) - Núcleo de Sucre
Universidad del Zulia (LUZ)
Universidad Metropolitana (UNIMET)
Universidad Monteávila
Universidad Nueva Esparta (UNE)
Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB)
Venezuela Competitiva
Venezuela en la Universidad de Texas
Venezuela in the CIA World Factbook
Venezuela Maps (U. of Texas, Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection)
Venezuelan-American Broderhood (VenAmHer) Clínica Venamher
Venezuelan-American Chamber of Commerce of the United States (VACC)
Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion (CONAPRI)
Venezuela Tuya (Travel in Venezuela)
Veniños (Venezuelan Children In Need)
vLex (La Editorial Jurídica en Internet)
WebMedia (Internet Marketing)
WTFE - World Tel-Fax Electronics (iNFOLiNE)

See the links for Venezuelan astronomy sites at Observatorio ARVAL - Astro Links


Venezuelan Directories in the World-Wide-Web:

Auyantepui (Venezuelan WWW Directory, with search engine. Soon in English)
Infoguía Web
Latin World
Páginas Azules Digitales (Directorio Comercial, Mapas de Ciudades, Mapa de Venezuela)
Todos los periódicos diarios de Venezuela (Prensa Escrita)
Veneblogs Venezuelan Blog Directory
Venezuela HQ


Internet Service Providers in Venezuela:

AT&T Global Network Services
CANTV [nationalized on May 22, 2007]
Etheron
Internet Comunicaciones
MSN Latinoamérica - Access
TELCEL.NET
Tutopia

Internet Traffic Report - S. America


Venezuelan Government:

Alcaldía Mayor del Distrito Metropolitano de Caracas
Armada de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV)
Banco de Desarrollo Económico y Social de Venezuela (BANDES)
Banco Industrial de Venezuela (BIV)
Biblioteca Nacional de Venezuela
C.A. Metro de Caracas
Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomía (CIDA)
Centro Nacional de Tecnologías de Información (CNTI)
CITGO Petroleum Corporation
Comisión de Administración de Divisas (CADIVI)
Comisión Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (CONATEL)
Consejo Moral Republicano (Poder Ciudadano)
Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)
Consejo Nacional de Derechos del Niño y del Adolescente (CNDNA)
Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela (Diciembre 30, 1999)
Contraloría General de la República
Corporación Venezolana de Guayana (CVG)
Defensoria del Pueblo
Dirección de Hidrografía Nacional - Observatorio Naval Cagigal
Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela in the United States
Fondo de Garantía de Depósitos y Protección Bancaria (FOGADE)
Fundación Televisora de La Asamblea Nacional (ANTV)
FUNDACITE - Táchira
Galería de Arte Nacional
Gobierno en Línea
Instituto de Conservación del Lago de Maracaibo (ICLAM)
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)
Instituto Nacional de Tránsito y Transporte Terrestre (INTTT)
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC)
Ministerio de Comunicación e Información (MinCI)
Ministerio de Finanzas (MF)
Ministerio de la Defensa de Venezuela (MD)
Ministerio de Planificación y Desarrollo (MPD)
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (MRE)
Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales Renovables (MARN)
Ministerio del Poder Popular del Despacho de la Presidencia
Ministerio del Poder Popular para Ciencia y Tecnología (MCT)
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Energía y Petróleo
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Infraestructura (MINFRA)
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Participación y Protección Social (MINEP)
Ministerio del Poder Popular para las Industrias y el Comercio (MPPILCO)
Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Interiores y Justicia
Ministerio Público (Fiscalía)
Misión Permanente de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela ante las Naciones Unidas
Oficina de Planificación del Sector Universitario (OPSU)
Oficina Central de Estadística e Informática (OCEI) - Seccional Táchira
Oficina Nacional de Identificación y Extranjería (ONIDEX)
Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA)
Plataforma Nacional de Información del Estado Venezolano
Proteccion Civil y Administración de Desastres
Reserva Nacional y Movilización
Servicio de Meteorología de La Aviación
Servicio Nacional Integrado de Información Tributaria (SENIAT)
Superintendencia de Inversiones Extranjeras (SIEX)
Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)
Venirauto (ensambladora de vehículos - convenio con la República islámica de Irán)
Vicepresidencia de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Vive (Televisora educativa, cultural e informativa)


Venezuelan Communications Media:
(now under a "Gag Law")

Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias (ABN) [government controlled]
Bloque Dearmas (Armando de Armas)
Cadena Global
Cambio de Siglo (Mérida)
Canal-i (UHF TV, Caracas)
Circuito Nacional Belfort (CNB) (Radio AM/FM)
CompuTV CaracasInf
Correo del Caroní (Ciudad Guayana) [Without a printed edition due to the government blocade.
The legislature of the Estado Bolívar ordered their building to be condemned and demolished.]
Descifrado (Juan Carlos Zapata)
Diario 2001
Diario El Carabobeño
Diario El Impulso (Barquisimeto)
Diario El Mundo
Diario El Nacional
Diario El Tiempo (Valera)
Diario El Universal (with the Daily News English Section)
Diario La Razón
Diario La Verdad (Maracaibo)
Diario La Voz
Diario Notitarde (Valencia)
Diario Panorama (Maracaibo)
Diario Últimas Noticias
Diario VEA [government controlled]
Diario Versión Final (Maracaibo)
El Tiempo (El Periódico del Pueblo Oriental)
El Periódico
Espacio Público (Asociación Civil)
Gentiuno - Gente del Siglo XXI
 - Trinchera (Eleonora Bruzual)
 - Carlos Alberto Montaner escribe...
Globovisión TV (Television and News, with Free Live Signal) [under "investigation" by the government]
La Hora Digital (Porlamar)
La Red, el Periódico de Internet
Meridiano Diario y Televisión (TV Sports)
Noticias24
NoticiasCentro (Editor Rodolfo Schmidt)
NoticieroDigital (Primer portal de periodismo digital de Venezuela)
 - Foros de NoticieroDigital
PetroleumWorld.com (Latin American Energy, Oil & Gas)
Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) [From May 28 '07 the RCTV frequency will be used by the government to establish TVes, a "public service television". On May 26 '07 the Tribunal Supremo de Justicia illegally ordered all RCTV transmission equipment temporarily under government custody for the use of TVes.]
[From July 16 '07 Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) can be seen on private subscription carriers DirectTV, Intercable, Net Uno, Planet Cable, and Supercable.]
 - El Observador (Noticiero RCTV)
Radio Nacional de Venezuela (RNV) [government controlled]
RadioNexx La Voz de la Libertad (with Free Live TV Signal)
Revista Económica Venezolana
Semanario Informe (Periodismo de investigación y análisis político)
SieteDías Venezuela
Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Prensa (SNTP)
SuperMúsica Radio (El Portal Musical Adulto Contemporáneo)
Tal Cual Digital (Teodoro Petkoff)
teleSURtv.net [government controlled]
Televen TV
The Daily Journal [government controlled]
TVes (Televisora Venezolana Social) [government controlled - illegally using all RCTV transmission equipment]
Quinto Dia (El Semanario de los Nuevos Tiempos)
Unión Radio
 - Listen to Unión Radio in Miami (Actualidad 1020 AM)
Vale TV (Valores Educativos Televisión, Arzobispado de Caracas)
VenEconomy (and VenEconomía)
VeneTubo (Difusión de Videos)
Venevisión
 - Noticiero Venevisión.net  [Politics, Economy, etc.]
Venezolana de Televisión (VTV) [government controlled]
Venezuela Analítica
Venezuela es Noticia
 - Venezuela es Noticia [.tk accesible from CANTV.net]
VenezuelaPress (El Portal de Noticias de Venezuela)
Venezuela Today (Reports on Venezuela)
webarticulista.net (Una lectura sin compromisos)



Crisis in Venezuela:

In February 4, 1992, Hugo Chávez led a failed military coup and murder attempt against president Carlos Andrés Pérez and his family, causing the deaths of many Venezuelans.
Thus started his career as a coupster ....
[Hugo Chávez, Wikipedia.org]

In March 26, 1994, after 2 years in prison, president Rafaél Caldera decided the dismissal of the cause against Hugo Chávez, and released him with his immediate accomplices. In December 14, Hugo Chávez visited Fidel Castro in La Habana.
Thus started his career as a Castro-communist ....

In December 6, 1998, Hugo Chávez was elected president with 60% of the votes (40% Enrique Salas Römer, 46% abstention) and was inaugurated in February 2, 1999. Chávez took the legal oath of office "on a dying constitution" that he "would not respect".
In March 10, 1999, he called an election for a Constituent Assembly, where his supporters got 95% of the positions with just 30% of the votes.
Thus started his dictatorial career and the opposition to it ....
In December 15, 1999, the new constitution was approved, with 72% of the votes and 56% abstention. After the voting, and after weeks of continual rains on the coastal mountains North of Venezuela, mudslides killed about 30,000 people that were never evacuated.
[Derailing Chávez's Power Grab, MiamiHerald.com - The Oppenheimer Report, August 19, 2007]
[Mr. Chávez's Power Grab, New York Times - Editorial, August 22, 2007]

In July 30, 2000, general elections were held. Chávez's coalition got 66% of the seats in the National Assembly, while Chávez was reelected with 60% of the votes (38% Francisco Arias Cárdenas, 44% abstention). The Carter Center monitored the election; their report stated that, due to lack of transparency, perceived partiality of the Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE; "National Electoral Council"), and political pressure from the Chávez government that resulted in early elections, they were unable to validate the official CNE results. However, they concluded that the presidential election legitimately expressed the will of the people.
[Observing Political Change en Venezuela: The Bolivarian Constitution and the 2000 Elections, Final Report, Laura Neuman and Jennifer McCoy, Carter Center, February 2001 (.pdf)]
Thus started his career of electoral fraud ....
In August 2000, Hugo Chávez visited Saddam Hussein in Bagdad.
[Hugo Chávez, Wikipedia.org] (incomplete in Spanish)

In April 11, 2002, a gigantic protest march in defense of the independence of Petróleos de Venezuela resulted in 19 death and 150 injured by bullets. The military high command disobeyed orders from Hugo Chávez to attack the protestors, and asked for his resignation, "which he accepted", according to General Lucas Rincón (now Ambassador to Portugal). In April 11, 2002, Hugo Chávez was returned to the presidency by a military faction led by General Raúl Isaías Baduel.
[Political Crisis in Venezuela, Human Rights Watch - Background Briefing, July 2002]
[Los primeros meses de 2002, Memorias de un Obispo, Monseñor Baltazar Porras, .pdf, 1.23 MB]
[In June 24, 2006 Baduel was promoted to General in Chief and appointed Minister of Defense. In July 18, 2007, Baduel was retired and resigned as Minister to begin opposing Chávez.]

45.5% of the Venezuelan population; 10.8 million people, now live in poverty.
[BBC Mundo | América Latina | Economía, Julio 10, 2002] (in Spanish, there is no English version)

In February/March 2003, Hugo Chávez, fired 18,756 managers, engineers, technicians and qualified workers from Petróleos de Venezuela which had opposed the politization of that company supporting the general strike of December 2002 and January 2003 (including 69% of the managers). Petróleos de Venezuela then forbade their employment by the contractors.
[Troubles at Post-Strike PDVSA Translate to Investor Indifference, Stratfor, March 26, 2003]

55.1% of the Venezuelan population; 14.9 million people, by the end of 2003 lived in poverty.
[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) - Reporte Social, Octubre 2004]

In May 14, 2004, the National Assembly, with just a simple majority, illegally increased from 20 to 32, the number of judges in the Supreme Justice Tribunal to give Hugo Chávez control over the judiciary.
[Venezuela: Chávez Allies Pack Supreme Court, Human Rights Watch, 14-12-2004]

In August 15, 2004, a referendum was held to try and revoque the rule of Hugo Chávez. After a massive fraud, he declared himself the winner with 60% of the votes and the approval of the Carter Center and the Organization of American States (OAS).
[Fraud against Democracy - The Venezuelan Case, T. Álvarez, F. Malpica, J.D. Mujica, J. Casado, October 15, 2004]
[The Venezuela Presidential Recall Referendum: Final Reports, Carter Center, 25 Feb 2005]
[En busca del cisne negro Análisis de la evidencia estadística sobre el fraude electoral en Venezuela
(Estudio de R. Haussman y R. Rigobón, .pdf, Sep 3 '04)]
[Report on an Analysis of the Representativeness of the Second Audit Sample, and the Correlation Between Petition Signers and the Yes Vote in the Aug. 15, 2004, Presidential Recall Referendum (Carter Center, .pdf)]
[The Carter report on the Hausmann-Rigobon Analysis is bereft of any statistical basis (.pdf, Sep 17 '04)]
[Un Fraude Largamente Preparado, urru.org, documents in Spanish, English, and French]
The names of those Venezuelans that signed for the referendum where published by the nacional assembly member Luis Tascón, thus started his career of political purges ....
[Luis Tascón Wikipedia]
[Analysis of the 2004 Venezuela Referendum: the Official Results versus the Petition Signatures Gustavo Andres Delfino, and Guillermo Alejandro Salas, Institute of Mathematical Statistics]

For the first quarter of 2005, household poverty is in 38.5% and extreme poverty at 10.1% (sic).
[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) - La Pobreza, Octubre 2005]

Between 1998 and 2005, homicides have grown 128%, kidnappings in 426%, executions and gang murders in 253%, on a national level.
[Homicides in Venezuela jumped 128% for the period 1998-2005] (Vcrisis, 05.09.2006)

Since 1998 the industrial sector has decreased almost 40% (of 11,117 industries then, only 6,756 remain in 2007).
[Confederación Venezolana de Industriales (Conindustria), "Cerco empresarial 2007"]

Unemployment among the young is 18.4%, twice the national average.
More than 60% of the active labor population only have informal employment.
[La Exclusión laboral, Juan Martín Echeverría, El Universal, October 1 '06, in Venezuela Real]

Lack of confidence in the electoral system, resulting in more than 75% of abstention on December 2005, giving Hugo Chávez 100% of the National Assembly.
[See the pages of Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)]


But, on December 3, 2006, Hugo Chávez declared himself reelected with some 63% of the votes,
against Manuel Rosales (Un Nuevo Tiempo) with 37%, and 26% of abstention.
11,777,126 votes counted, 99%, on December 18 '06.
[See the pages of Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE),
Denunciation of the Venezuelan Electoral System International Venezuelan Council for Democracy (IVCD),
and Why the Venezuelan election was fraudulent Fuerza Solidaria - Alejandro Peña Esclusa]

And, on January 31, 2007, Hugo Chávez was granted dictatorial powers to legislate for 18 months by the Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela.

Accordding to the Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV), inflation in Venezuela between May 2006 and May 2007 was the largest in Latinamerica: 19.5%.


From May 28, 2007 the frequency of Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) is being used by the government to establish TVes, a "public service television". On May 26 '07 the Tribunal Supremo de Justicia illegally ordered all RCTV transmission equipment temporarily under government custody for the use of TVes.
[This measure is generating protests around the country]
[From July 16 '07 Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) can be seen on private subscription carriers DirectTV, Intercable, Net Uno, Planet Cable, and Supercable]


2006 PDVSA revenue fell nearly 16% from 2005, the local profits fell more than 65% while our oil prices rose more than 19%, social expences almost duplicated to $13,781 million, according to their audited financial statements presented Friday 7, September '07.
[See El Universal, Marianna Párraga, Septiembre 11, 2007]


In December 2, 2007, Hugo Chávez ilegally submitted to a referendum a new constitution; Communist and even more presidentialist than the one from the Constituent Assembly of 1999, permitting his continued reelection and restricting human rights and private property.
Human Rights are inalienable, and a fundamental change in the constitution can only be made by a Constituent Assembly, never by a minority in a referendum.
[See "The nitty-gritty of the amendments" in Veneconomy Points of View]
[See Venezuela - President for life in Economist.com]
[See List of proposed changes in Venezuela referendum MiamiHerald.com, 12-02-2007]
[See Universal Declaration of Human Rights in United Nations - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)]
[This measure generated protests around the country]
[In November 5, 2007, Retired General Raúl Isaías Baduel rejected the new constitution, calling it a "fraud"]

At 01:15 on December 3, the CNE announced that the new constitution was rejected 51% vs 49%, with 44% abstention (with just 9,002,439 votes counted).
[See Venezuela Hands Narrow Defeat to Chávez Plan in The New York Times]
[See CNE - Resultados]
Thus started his career as a looser ....

After more than 45 days since the referendum on the constitutional reform,
Asociación Civil Súmate demands the CNE publishes the definitive results.
See Hay serias incongruencias en resultados del CNE sobre el referéndum constitucional (.pdf, Ene 20 '08)
Informe Súmate - Referéndo Sobre Proyecto de Reforma Constitucional (.pdf, Ene 24 '08)

On April 2, 2008, more than 122 days after the referendum, 1.8 milion votes remain uncounted.
[See Lucena y sus Cuentos de Camino in Venezuela Real: Óscar Lucien, El Nacional, 4 de Abril 2008]

By December 1, 2008, these 1.8 milion votes remain uncounted.



A sample from the proposed new constitution; from article 136:
"The people are depositaries of the sovereignty and exercise it directly through the Popular Power. This is not born from suffrage or any election, but is born from the condition of the human groups organized as the base of the population."
[See Texto completo del Proyecto de Reforma Constitucional in Venezuela Real]
This contradicts article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
"The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures."

The new article 337 allows the president to declare a "state of exception" and temporarily suspend the right to due judicial process, violating articles 10 and 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
[See Reforma Constitucional in Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela]

In October 24 '07 the Asamblea Nacional added a "right to a defense" in the new article 337.
[See Parlamento aprobó artículo de los estados de excepción in Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela]
[But see also article 337 of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (December 30, 1999), where the "right to due process" is much more than a "right to a defense"]



From the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (December 30, 1999):

Article 25:
Any act on the part of the Public Power that violates or encroaches upon the rights guaranteed by this Constitution and by law is null and void, and the public employees ordering or implementing the same shall incur criminal, civil and administrative liability, as applicable in each case, with no defense on grounds of having followed the orders of a superior.

Article 333:
This Constitution shall not cease to be in effect if it ceases to be observed due to acts of force or because of repeal in any manner other than as provided for herein.
In such eventuality, every citizen, whether or not vested with official authority, has a duty to assist in bringing it back into actual effect.

Article 350:
The people of Venezuela, true to their republican tradition and their struggle for independence, peace and freedom, shall disown any regime, legislation or authority that violates democratic values, principles and guarantees or encroaches upon human rights.



In January 12, 2008, Hugo Chávez said in his annual report before the National Assembly, that the FARC and ELN "are insurgent forces with a political project that is respected here". His National Assembly, sheepishly approved.
[See ESPECIAL: Chávez presentó su Informe en la AN in Noticias24]


In February 25, 2008, Clodosbaldo Russián, the general comptroller, filed before the directors of the CNE a list of 400 public officials inconstitucionally disabled by his office to opt for popularly elected office. None of the included will be able to run in the 2008 regional elections. Among these are the opposition leaders Leopoldo López, Enrique Mendoza, Oscar Pérez, Enrique Ochoa Antich and Alfredo Peña.
[See Contralor llevó al CNE la lista de 400 inhabilitados para postularse in El Universal]


In March 3, 2008, General Oscar Naranjo, head of the Colombian National Police, unveiled documents seized from guerrilla leader Raúl Reyes, who was killed last Saturday by the Colombian Army, which show an alliance, old contacts and even financial aid between the rebel Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC) and Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez.
[See Colombia Discloses Documentes linking Chávez to the FARC in El Universal Daily News]
[See Alleged Chavez's Call to Reyes Revealed Location of FARC Camp in El Universal Daily News]
[See FARC files may still hurt Chávez, Correa in MiamiHerald.com, The Oppenheimer Report]
[See Forensic report requested by Colombia on seized FARC computers and hardware INTERPOL, May 15 '08]


Venezuela increased its arms imports dramatically in 2003-2007, taking it from the 56th biggest importer in the world in 1998-2002, to the 24th place. Some 92% of Venezuela's imports came from Russia.
Arms Transfers Data for 2007, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 31 March 2008.


In May 28, 2008,

Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías President of the Republic

In exercise of the attributions conferred on him by numeral 8 of article 236 of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and in conformity with numeral 9 of article 1 of the Law authorizing the President of the Republic to dictate Decrees with Rank, Value and Force of Law on the matters that are delegated, ....

DICTATES the following,

DECREE WITH RANK, VALUE AND FORCE OF LAW
OF THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
....

CHAPTER I - GENERAL DISPOSITIONS
....

Range of application
....

Article 2.-
The norms and principles contained in this Decree with Rank, Value and Force of Law are of mandatory compliance for:
....
5. Every person that in the course of his activities inside or outside of the national territory has or has access to information of strategic interest for the Nation.
....

CHAPTER III - OF THE SUBSYSTEMS
....

Organs of Support

Article 16.- Organs of Support to the activities of intelligence and counterintelligence are, the natural and juridic persons, from public and private law, nationals or foreingners, just as the organs and entities of the national public administration, states, municipalities, the social networks, organizations of popular participation and organized communities, when their cooperation is solicited for the obtention of information or technical support, by the organs with special jurisdiction.

The persons that do not comply with the obligations established in this article are responsible in comformity with the Organic Law of Security of the Nation, and other acts of legal and sublegal rank applicable on the matter, because such conduct threatens the security, defense and integral development of the Nation.

....

Complete text of the Law of the National System of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, at Control Ciudadano. In English, translated from the Gaceta Oficial number 38,940, dated May 28, 2008.

On June 7, 2008, Hugo Chávez admitted that this law "overreaches" and will be reformed.
On June 10, 2008, he recalled this law.


In June 17, 2008, twenty seven Venezuelan groups started an international campaign supporting a petition presented to the International Penal Court (IPC) in Le Hague to investigate and judge president Hugo Chávez for his alleged ties to the FARC.
[See Frente Patriótico - Comunicado, Domingo, 27 de abril de 2008]

Please sign the petition:
Investigacion por la Corte Penal Internacional de la relación Hugo Chávez-FARC


In July 31, 2008, Hugo Chávez inconstitucionally dictated 26 new laws on banking, transportation, housing and social security, and on military matters, making himself the highest military commander.
This was protested by opposition leaders. Some of the contents of these laws had already been rejected in the referendum on the constitutional reform of December 2, 2007.
[See Heated debate over 26 new laws enacted by Chávez, El Universal, August 4, 2008]


The Consumer Price Index for the Metropolitan Area of Caracas (IPC-AMC) for August 2008, published by the BCV, reflects 34.5% of acummulated inflation in the last 12 months.


In August 11, 2008, Hugo Chávez, amidst obscene statements, announced he was giving American Ambassador in Venezuela Patrick Duddy 72 hours to leave the country, in part to show solidarity with the Bolivian government and people. He also ordered Venezuelan Foreign Affairs Minister Nicolás Maduro to recall Venezuelan Ambassador in Washington Bernardo Álvarez "before he is kicked out".
[See Venezuelan Government expelled US Ambassador, VenEconomy, August 12, 2008]


In September 18, 2008, Hugo Chávez expelled from Venezuela Human Rights Watch (HRW) officials hours after publishing their report "A Decade Under Chavez: Political Intolerance and Lost Opportunities for Advancing Human Rights".


In October 23, 2008, in a resolution on democracy and human rights adopted at the end of this week's Strasbourg plenary session, the European Parliament condemns the use of intimidation and electoral manipulation in the run-up to elections in Venezuela. In the run-up to Venezuela's regional and local elections in November 2008, Parliament, in a resolution adopted by 51 votes to 1, "expresses concern about the list of electoral disqualifications" issued by the authorities, pointing to a "long series of measures taken by the government with a view to intimidating opposition members, dissidents and international observers in the country".
[See Human rights: political rights abuses in Venezuela]


In November 23, 2008, there were regional elections for 22 State Governors, 328 Municipal or District Mayors, 20 Councils in City Halls, 233 in Legislative Councils (603 positions in total).
In February 25, 2008, Clodosbaldo Russián, the general comptroller, filed before the directors of the CNE a list of 400 public officials inconstitucionally disabled by his office to opt for popularly elected office. Those included were not able to run in this 2008 regional elections. Among these are the opposition leaders Leopoldo López, Enrique Mendoza, Oscar Pérez, Enrique Ochoa Antich and Alfredo Peña.
[See Contralor llevó al CNE la lista de 400 inhabilitados para postularse in El Universal]

From a total of some 9,022,686 votes (34.55% of abstention), 5,073,774 (56.23%) supported the government and 3,948,912 (43.77%) the opposition. The government won 80% of the Mayors, but the opposition elected 3 new State Governors (Zulia, Miranda and Carabobo), for a total of 5 (with Táchira and Nueva Esparta), and the Principal Mayor of Caracas.
The government got 178 positions (76%) in the Legislative Councils.
[See El análisis del resultado electoral, por Patricia Poleo in Noticias24.com]
[See Venezuela has new state governors, mayors in El Universal Daily News]

Primer boletín del CNE, Divulgación Elecciones Regionales - 23 de Noviembre de 2008
El chavismo gana en casi todo el país, pero pierde Caracas y Miranda in Noticias24.com
Análisis AFP: Gana mayoría de estados pero pierde los más poblados in Noticias24.com
Análisis AP: Oposición gana terreno en el mapa político venezolano in Noticias24.com


In December 11, 2008, the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) began collecting signatures to support a constitutional amendment eliminating the two-term limit for the presidential office. The first discussion of this ilegal amendment took place in the National Assembly on December 18 '08, the second and final discussion was on January 5 '09. It would be approved or not in February 15, 2009.
[See Congress formally proposes unlimited presidential reelection in El Universal, December 9 '08]
[See Editorial: Hugo Chávez Tries Again to Expand His Powers The Washington Post, December 19, 2008]
[See Resolución Convocatoria para el Referendo Aprobatorio de la Enmienda Constiticional (.pdf) Consejo Nacional Electoral, Enero 16 '09]

The project for constitutional reform defeated in the referendum of December 2, 2007, contained the change to "indefinite reelection".
According to Art. 345: A revised constitutional reform initiative may not be submitted during the same constitutional term of office of the National Assembly. (1999 Constitution, in effect)
The illegal referendum question does not contain the texts of the proposed reformed articles (160, 162, 174, 192 and 230), the government has not published the texts of the reforms; the amendment is a blank check. [Articles referred to the Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela (English) 1999, in effect]


In January 6, 2009, Hugo Chávez expelled Israel's ambassador in solidarity with Hamas.
[See Government expels Israel's ambassador in solidarity with Palestine in El Universal, January 6 '09]
[See Israel mulls over expulsion of Venezuelan ambassador in El Universal, January 7 '09]


In February 2, 2009, Hugo Chávez reached 10 years in power, 10 years dedicated to destroying Venezuela, transforming an emerging democracy into a failed fascist dictatorship.


In February 15, 2009, The government submitted to a referendum an ilegal constitutional amendment eliminating the two-term limit for the presidential office and other elected officials.
The opposition voted No. The officialists Yes.
The non-aligned and the abstention decided the vote. And the results?

At 9:35 PM, according to the CNE: Of a total of 12,068,967 votes, the Yes got 54.36% and the No 45.63% of the votes, with an abstention of 32.95%. [with 94.2% of the votes counted]
Few Venezuelans believed the fraudulent CNE, but the ilegal amendment was approved.
[See Ganó el Si con 54,36% in Unión Radio, Febrero 15 '09]
[See 54.36 percent of voters endorse Chávez's endless reelection in El Universal, February 16 '09]
[See Informe de Contraloría Electoral sobre el Referendo Aprobatorio de la Enmienda Constitucional Súmate, Febrero 15 '09, .pdf]


In March 19, 2009, The Prosecutor asked for the detention of Manuel Rosales, Mayor of Maracaibo and main opposition leader, for the alleged crime of embezzlement.
In Abril 1, 2009, The Ombudsman Gabriela Ramírez says that Manuel Rosales is a fugitive.
[See Ombudsman says that Manuel Rosales is a fugitive in El Universal, April 1 '09]
By the end of April Manuel Rosales went to Perú to avoid a fake trial.


In April 2, 2009, retired General Raúl Isaías Baduel was violently detained for allegedly stealing from the army while he was their commander.
[See Intelligence agents detain ex Defense Minister in El Universal, April 14 '09]


In April 3, 2009, Venezuela cries out for justice and weeps.
Easter this year started with bad omens for Venezuela. This Good Friday opened the gates not only to Easter week, but also, tragically, to the rogue injustice of the Hugo Chávez administration.
The list of its victims now includes those who have just been guillotined by the unjust sentence handed down by Judge Maryori Calderón: former Metropolitan Police captains Iván Simonovis, Henry Vivas, and Lázaro Forero and eight policemen.
[See Venezuela cries out for justice and weeps, VenEconomy, April 3, 2009]



Results:


Visit sites from both groups to inform your opinion


 Watch out for falling bytes! 

Warning: Use a High Security Level for browsing in these sites.
Register them as Restricted sites (in MS Internet Explorer):
 (Menu: Tools - Internet Options - Security - Restricted sites - Sites - Add).
Do not download any software or run scripts from them, and delete their cookies; they are tagging "Spyware".
(See the section on PC Security)


Venezuelan "Officialist" Contemporary Politics   (1999 - 2008):

aporrea.org - Venezuela "Agencia popular alternativa de noticias"
Autonomia Islámica Wayuu "Hezbollah Venezuela" [This MSN group has been disabled]
Cibernéticos Bolivarianos El Portal Bolivariano [disabled]
Círculo Bolivariano 17 de Marzo Página de apoyo al proceso de cambios liderado por Hugo Chávez Frías
Círculo Bolivariano Abre Brecha Parroquia 23 de Enero
Círculo Bolivariano de Cincinati (Cincinnati Bolivarian Circle - The Red Machine)
Contragobernanza "Contra el Gobierno de las Empresas"
el 23 barrios, callejones y sueños
El Militante Corriente Marxista Internacional
 - Corriente Marxista Revolucionaria (Venezuela)
Franz Lee.Org "a New, Original and Authentic Sience and Philosophy"
Frente Francisco de Miranda
Global Exchange "Building People-to-People Ties"
Hands Off Venezuela! "In Solidarity with the Venezuelan Revolution"
Iglesia Catolica Reformada de Venezuela
Las Verdades de Miguel (Miguel Salazar)
Luis Tascón "Diputado a la Asamblea Nacional por el Estado Táchira" [disabled]
Misión Florentino (Comando Maisanta) [disabled]
Observatorio Global de Medios de Venezuela
Ojo Electoral (Asociación Civil)
Portal ALBA "Alternativa Bolivariana para la América"
Radio Defensa Venezuela (Jesús R. Soto)
Venezuelanalysis.com "On line News, Views and Analysis from Venezuela"
VenezuelaFOIA.info "devoted to investigating US meddling in Venezuela", Eva Golinger
Venezuela Information Office (VIO) "to educate the public about contemporary Venezuela" [disabled]
VHeadline Venezuela News Roy S. Carson [in blogspot.com]
www.vheadline.com - VHeadline: News & Views about Venezuela, Roy S. Carson [disabled]
Very dangerous site, be sure to register it as Restricted site (in MS Internet Explorer):
 (Menu: Tools - Internet Options - Security - Restricted sites - Sites - Add).
Do not download any software from it, and delete its Cookies; they are tagging "Spyware".
World Social Forum 2007 (WSF 2007) [disabled]

Also see the official sites of the Venezuelan Government in the main section of this page.


The Opposite Side of the Coin   (2002 - 2009):

11abril.com
Acuerdo Social
Adolfo R. Taylhardat (Diputado al Parlamento Latinoamericano)
Alcaldía de Baruta
Alcaldía de Chacao
Asociación Civil Ciudadanía Activa
Asociación Civil Control Ciudadano (para la Seguridad, la Defensa y la Fuerza Armada Nacional)
Asociación Civil Queremos Elegir
Asociación de Madres Venezolanas en el Exilio (Amavex)
A través de Venezuela
Caracas Radio TV [Blocked by the government. Inaccesible from the DNS of CANTV.net] [see OpenDNS]
 - Caracas Radio TV [.tk accesible from CANTV.net]
Centro de Divulgación del Conocimiento Económico para la Libertad (CEDICE) (Asociación Civil - 25 años)
ColorEsperanza
Comando Nacional de la Resistencia (CNR)
Democracy and Development (Reports on Venezuela)
Eduardo Casanova
El Gusano de Luz
El Liberal Venezolano
enOpinión (Omar Estacio)
EntornoInteligente.com (Información Estratégica)
EsData (Por el derecho a elegir en Venezuela)
 - The Systematic Annihilation of The Right to Vote in Venezuela (July 16, '07, .pdf, 222 KB)
Foro de Oposición Venezolana (Yahoo! Grupos)
Frente Democratico de Liberacion Nacional
Frente Patriótico (compromiso existencial de luchar por el rescate de la Democracia)
Fuerza Solidaria (Asociación Civil, Presidente: Alejandro Peña Esclusa) [Tips revolucionarios]
 - Why the Venezuelan election was fraudulent
Gente de Redes (Imposibilidades Matemáticas en Resultados Oficiales del Referéndum Revocatorio)
Independent Venezuelan-American Citizens (IVAC)
Informe21.com (Periodismo Ciudadano, Vladimir Gessen)
La Chuleta por la Unidad (Lista de los candidatos de la unidad opositora en su centro electoral)
La corrupción en tiempo de Chávez
La Verdad nos hará Libres!! - Sólo la Verdad!! (Néstor Luis Álvarez M.)
Libertad y Democracia (Protesta Mundial el 11 de Abril 2008)
Liderazgo y Visión (Asociación Civil. Un Sueño para Venezuela. Gerver Torres, Director General)
Marcos Petri (Lo De Hoy Venezuela)
Megaresistencia.com
Movimiento 2D (Democracia y Libertad)
No es No (Voluntarios contra la enmienda)
notiven.com (Noticias de Venezuela)
Organización de Venezolanos en el Exilio (ORVEX)
 - Ruédalo TV
Pensar en Venezuela (Asociación Civil)
Plataforma Democrática (Venezolanos en Madrid)
Pro Venezuela Organization (ProVeO) (Aleksander Boyd, Founder and Director)
RadioVenezuela.org
Reconocelos.com
Red de Veedores
Red Escualidos.net
Resistencia Civil de Venezolanos en el Exterior (RECIVEX)
Resistencia Catia-Caracas
Roberto Weil (Caricature Drawings)
Sammy Eppel (Artículos de Prensa)
Soberanía (Ambiente, Energía, Política)
Tiempo de Palabra (Carlos Blanco)
Un Mundo Sin Mordaza (25 de Junio de 2009, Protesta mundial contra el cierre de Globovisión)
urru.org (Texts, photographic, audio and video documentation on the Venezuelan political crisis)
 - Calendario de Varios Eventos y Links sobre Venezuela
 - Un Fraude Largamente Preparado (Referéndum Revocatorio - August 15 2004)
vdebate (Debate Venezuela)
Venezolanos en Línea
Venezuela.com (Venezuela Information)
Venezuela Activa - contrachavez.org (Noticias de Venezuela - America Latina)
Venezuela Awareness Foundation (Promoting democracy and human rights)
Venezuela Futura
VenezuelaNet.org (Por la recuperación de la democracia en Venezuela)
Venezuela Real
Visión Iberoamérica
WebArticulista.net (Luis DE LION Editor)

Also see the "Blogs":
Alex Beech
Ana Julia Jatar - Weblog
Caracas Chronicles (Francisco Rodríguez)
 - The Untold Story of Venezuela's 2002 April Crisis
Comando Angostura
La Voz de la Resistencia
 - Cómo Se Perdió Venezuela (Robert Alonso)
Crónicas y otras naranjas (Doménico Chiappe)
Democracia del siglo XXI (Teódulo López Meléndez)
Diplodemocracia (Bilingual information on Venezuela and its international relations)
doctorpolitico.com
Dolar Paralelo (Dólar paralelo en Venezuela, CADIVI, Bonos PDVSA y Bonos del Sur)
El Blog de William Dávila
El Informe Gessen (Vladimir Gessen)
El Liberal Venezolano (Larry Nieves)
Grupo G-400+ Venezuela (Agrupación informal de carácter técnico, plural e independiente)
La Protesta Militar (Sammy Landaeta Millán, Coronel (R) F.A.V.)
Las Armas de Coronel (Gustavo Coronel)
Martha Colmenares
Mi Blog Escuálido (Ironú Mora)
Pedro G. Paúl Bello Weblog
Plomo Parejo (por Radio Caracas Radio)
PMBComments on the State of Democracy in Venezuela and more ... (Pedro Mario Burelli)
Radar de los Barrios (Asociación Civil)
Resistencia Catia-Caracas
Soledad Morillo Belloso (Escribidora de Oficio)
The Devil's Excrement (Miguel Octavio)
The Oppenheimer Report on Latin America (Andrés Oppenheimer)
Un Puntico Más (Rodolfo Schmidt)
vdebate - Venezuela Debate
Venezuela News And Views (Daniel Duquenal & Alex Beech)
Venezuela Real (con archivos y suscripción por e-mail)
Venezuela: Tierra de Gracia
Weblog Venezolano (Discusiones frecuentes sobre política, economía, entretenimiento, salud y tecnología)
Yo Estoy con RCTV!


International Press and Opinion:

ABC.es: Iberoamérica
Agencia Cubana de Noticias División de la Agencia de Información Nacional (AIN)
Agenda: Cuba (Lucha por el cambio dentro de Cuba)
AIPEnet (Agencia Interamericana de Prensa Económica)
Albert Einstein Institution (Advancing freedom through nonviolent action)
 - From Dictatorship to Democracy (Gene Sharp, 1993, .pdf)
AméricaEconomía (Primera revista de negocios de América Latina)
American Security Council Foundation (ASCF)
 - ASCF: About Hugo Chavez
American Thinker
Americas.org - Venezuela (Resource Center of the Americas)
Analysis of Voting Data from the Recent Venezuelan Referendum [Aug 15 '04] (Edward W. Felten, Department of Computer Science, Princeton University. Aviel D. Rubin, Adam Stubblefield, Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University. Sep 1, 2004)
Anti-Defamation League (Fighting Anti-Semitism, Bigotry and Extremism)
Asamblea para Promover la Sociedad Civil en Cuba (¡Para Cuba, Ya es hora!)
Associated Press (AP) (Global news network)
Babalú Blog (Valentín Prieto)
Barrio Afuera (Solidaridad sin Fronteras)
BBC News | Americas (International version)
Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) Shaping Change-Strategies of Development and Transformation
 - BTI 2008: Venezuela Country Report
Bloomberg.com (Business and financial information services, news and media)
Cambio.com.co (Bogotá, Colombia)
Center for Security Policy
 - Americas Report Archives (Menges Hemispheric Security Project)
Centre for Applied NonViolent Action and Strategies (CANVAS)
Centro de Economía Latinoamericana (CESLA)
Centro para la Apertura y el Desarrollo de América Latina (CADAL)
City Mayors: Juan Barreto - Mayor of Caracas
City Mayors: Leopoldo Eduardo López - Mayor of Chacao, Caracas
CNN (Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News)
 - Venezuela: News & Videos about Venezuela
CNSNews.com (The Cybercast News Service)
Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
Contacto Magazine
Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA)
Counterterrorism Blog
Cuba bajo el Socialismo [En la voz de su propio pueblo] (Centro de Investigación y Estudios Cubanos)
Cuba, Democracia y Vida
Cuba Libre Digital
Cuban-American National Foundation (CANF/FNCA)
CubaNet
Cuba On-Line database (Research and information on economics, politics and social issues)
Cuba Transition Project (Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, University of Miami)
CubDest Servicio de Difusión (Desde Cuba en el Destierro)
David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies (Harvard University)
 - ReVista Harvard Review of Latin America - Venezuela: The Chávez Effect (Fall 2008)
DesdeCuba.com (Un portal de periodismo ciudadano)
 - Generation Y (Blog, Yoani Sánchez)
Diario Crítico (Venezuela)
Diario de América / America's Daily
 - No olvidemos a los presos y perseguidos políticos (Venezuela, Mercedes Montero)
Diario El País - Internacional - América Latina (Madrid, España)
Diario La Nación (Argentina)
Directorio Democrático Cubano (Non-Cooperation Campaign)
Economist.com
 - Venezuela Page
El Heraldo (Periódico nacional, independiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras)
El Imparcial (Diario liberal e independiente, Madrid, España. Luis María Anson)
El Mundo (Santa Cruz, Bolivia)
El Nuevo Herald (Miami, Florida, USA)
 - El Nuevo Herald - Venezuela
 - El Nuevo Herald - América Latina
 - Andrés Oppenheimer (El Nuevo Herald)
ElTiempo.com (Principales noticias de Colombia y el mundo)
 - Últimas Noticias de Venezuela en ElTiempo.com
Encuentro en la red (Diario independiente de asuntos Cubanos)
En defensa del neoliberalismo (Adolfo Rivero Caro)
Energy Tribune (Key issues in the energy sector)
European Union | Election Observation Mission to Venezuela 2006
 - Election Observation Mission to Venezuela 2005
Evaluating the Security of Electronic Voting Systems (The Computer Security Group at UCSB)
Expat-Village (Rincon Reminder)
Family Security Matters Informing Americans about the issues surrounding national security
Financial Times (World business, finance and political news. London, UK)
Firmas Press (Revista liberal Latinoaméricana, Carlos Alberto Montaner)
Forbes.com (Business and Financial News, USA)
Foreign Affairs
 - In Search of Hugo Chávez (Michael Shifter, May/June 2006)
 - Slouching Toward Authoritarianism (Michael Shifter update, November 7, 2007)
 - An Empty Revolution (Francisco Rodríguez, March/April, 2008)
Foreign Policy (FP) (Global Politics & Economics, Moisés Naím editor and publisher)
 - FP Passport (Editors blogging on global news, politics, economics and ideas)
 - The Return of the Idiot (May/June '07, Alvaro Vargas Llosa)
FOX News, FOX Business
Francis Fukuyama (School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University)
Freedom House (A clear voice for democracy and freedom around the world)
 - Country Report: Venezuela - 2006
FRONTLINE (PBS Public affairs documentary series)
 - The Hugo Chavez Show (November 25 '08) [view online]
FrontPage Magazine (David Horowitz)
Fundación Internacional para la Libertad (FIL) (Mario Vargas Llosa)
Fundación para el Análisis y los Estudios Sociales (FAES) (José María Aznar)
Gramma International (Republic of Cuba, Havana)
Google News Search - Venezuela
Havana Journal Business, Culture, Politics, Travel News and Information
Heitor de Paola Papéis Avulsos (Brasil)
Human Events Conservative News, Views & Books (USA)
IBDeditorials Editorials, Political Cartoons, and Polls from Investor's Business Daily
Infobae (Argentina)
 - Venezuela - en los últimos 30 días
Infolatam (Noticias y Análisis de América Latina, España)
Insight Magazine
Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT)
 - Hezbollah America Latina: Strange Group or Real Threat? Dr. Ely Karmon, November 14, 2006
Instituto Prensa y Sociedad (IPYS)
Intelligence & Terrorism Information Center (Israel)
Inter American Press Association (SIP/IAPA)
 - Information - 63rd General Assembly
InterCuba.com (Publicidad e Información)
International Association of Broadcasters (AIR-IAB) (Radio & Television)
International Herald Tribune (World News, Analysis, and Global Opinions)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Jerusalem Post
 - Editorial: To the people of Venezuela (Jan 31, 2009)
 - Synagogue in Venezuela vandalized (Feb 1, 2009)
La Minaccia (The Threat, a documentary by Silvia Luzi and Luca Bellino, is the chronicle of a desilusion)
 - The Threat in MySpace.com (4 sequences)
La Nueva Cuba (Primer Periódico Cubano Independiente en la Internet)
La Prensa (El Periódico Hispano de la Florida)
Latin American Herald Tribune
Latin American Studies (Dr. Antonio Rafael de la Cova)
Latinobarómetro (Opinión Pública Latinoamericana)
LatinPetroleum Magazine (Petroleum News, Oil & Gas News)
LiberPress (Contenidos y noticias del pensamiento liberal. Observación de Cuba y Venezuela)
Madres y Mujeres Anti-Represión (M.A.R.) por Cuba
Martí Noticias (U.S. Office of Cuba Broadcasting, Radio y TV Martí Online)
National Council of Resistance of Iran - Foreign Affairs Committee
National Review Online
 - Venezuela in the National Review Online (2004-2008)
NetforCuba.org (The realities of Cuba today)
Noticuba Internacional (Un medio al servicio de la verdad)
Nueva Mayoría (El portal sociopolítico de Iberoamérica)
NewsMax - Latin America
Olavo de Carvalho (Sapientiam Autem Non Vincit Malitia) [Malice does not defeat wisdom, Saint Paul]
 - The Revolutionary Mentality ["The revolutionary is the worst enemy of the human species"]
Oxford Analytica (International, independent consulting firm)
Poder 360° (USA, Miami, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela)
Pilar Rahola (Essays, lectures, interviews and photographs)
Rebelión - Venezuela (Heinz Dieterich, James Petras, Marta Harnecker, Noam Chomsky, and others)
Reporters Without Borders
Reuters.com World News, Financial News, Breaking US & International News
Revelaciones Cuba, Cuba al Descubierto (Bernardo Jurado)
Revista América Libre (órgano de comunicación del Foro de Sao Paulo)
Robert Amsterdam - Venezuela Report (Information, reports, news, translations, and original opinion and analysis on Venezuela)
Semana.com (Bogotá, Colombia)
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)
Stratfor (Strategic Forecasting, w/Free Intelligence Reports)
 - George Friedman on Geopolitics (Free weekly)
TheAtlantic.com
The Cato Institute (Research foundation headquartered in Washington, D.C.)
 - Corruption, Mismanagement, and Abuse of Power in Hugo Chávez's Venezuela
   (Gustavo Coronel, November 27, 2006)
 - Hugo Chávez's Unfulfilled Promises (Gustavo Coronel, December 1, 2006)
 - A Letter to Danny Glover (Gustavo Coronel, May 31, 2007)
 - Misreading Venezuela (Gustavo Coronel, August 15, 2007)
 - Will the frog jump? (Gustavo Coronel, September 28, 2007)
 - Hugo Choice (Gustavo Coronel, November 30, 2007)
The Conservative Voice
The European Courier (European American Affairs and World Politics)
 - Democracy in Venezuela Blog (Diego Arria, Co-editor)
 - The Threat Closer to Home - A Book on Chavez Fake Revolution (Gustavo Coronel, January 29 2009)
The Heritage Foundation: Policy Research and Analysis
 - 2006 Index of Economic Freedom - Venezuela
 - What to Do about Hugo Chávez: Venezuela's Challenge to Security in the Americas
The Independent Institute (Public policy research and debate)
The Investigative Project on Terrorism
The Miami Herald - Americas
 - The Oppenheimer Report
The New Media Journal (NMJ) (Researched Opinion - News Beyond the Headlines)
The New York Times (NYT)
 - Venezuela News - Breaking World Venezuela News
The Real Cuba
The Threat Closer to Home: Hugo Chavez and the War Against America (Douglas Schoen and Michael Rowan, January 2009, Simon & Schuster.com) [Read online]
The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) (Business & Financial News, Markets Data & Charts)
 - WSJ/Americas (in Spanish)
The World Bank
 - Worldwide Governance Indicators 1996-2008
Unión de Organizaciones Democráticas de América (UNOAMÉRICA)
Urgente 24 (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
U.S. Department of State - Venezuela
 - U.S. Embassy - Venezuela (Page in the U.S.A.)
 - U.S. Embassy - Venezuela (Page in Venezuela)
VOA News - Voice of America - English News
WashingtonPost.com: World, South America. Desde Washington, Marcela Sanchez
 - Chavez accelerates Venezuela's socialist revolution (January 9, 2007)
 - Editorial: Hugo Chávez Tries Again to Expand His Powers (December 19, 2008)
World-Check (Reducing Risk Through Intelligence)
World Economic Forum
 - Global Competitiveness Report
 - Financial Development Index 2008 Rankings
WorldNetDaily (A Free Press for a Free People)
World Socialist Web Site Published by the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI)
WorldThreats.com (Ryan Mauro, Investigating your National Security - USA)


Human Rights in Venezuela:

Amnesty International, Amnistía Internacional - Venezuela
Asociación Civil Súmate
 - Informes - Procesos Electorales de Venezuela
 - En busca del cisne negro Análisis de la evidencia estadística sobre el fraude electoral en Venezuela
   [Estudio de R. Haussman y R. Rigobón] (.pdf, Sep 3 '04)
 - The Carter report on the Hausmann-Rigobon Analysis is bereft of any statistical basis (.pdf, Sep 17 '04)
 - Information on the State of Democracy in Venezuela
 - Venezuela en Cifras Oficiales (Indicadores económicos y sociales, .pdf, Noviembre 2006)
 - Hay serias incongruencias en resultados del CNE sobre el referéndum constitucional (.pdf, Jan 20 '08)
 - Informe Súmate - Referéndo Sobre Proyecto de Reforma Constitucional (.pdf, Jan 25 '08)
 - Contraloría Electoral - Referendo Aprobatorio de la Enmienda Constitucional (.pdf, Feb 15 '09)
 - Supertestigos (no pelan un voto...)
Centro de Asesoría y Promoción Electoral (CAPEL) (Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos)
COFAVIC Promoción y Protección de los Derechos Humanos
Familias Unidas Asociación Civil (FUNAC) Por la libertad, la justicia y el respeto!
Foro Penal Venezolano Asociación Civil de Abogados Penalistas. Representación de víctimas de violación de derechos humanos.
Fundación para el Debido Proceso (Investigación de violaciones a los D.H. y defensa de las víctimas)
Human Rights Watch (HRW)
 - Human Rights Watch - Venezuela
   - A Decade Under Chavez: Political Intolerance and Lost Opportunities .... (Sep 18, 2008)
[HRW officials were expelled from Venezuela hours after the publishing of this report]
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR - OAS) (Organization of American States)
[Since May 2002 Venezuela has been denying the Commission its permission for another visit]
[See Annual Report 2006 - Chapter IV - Human Rights Developments in Venezuela]
Inter-American Court of Human Rights (OAS)
International Crisis Group (Conflict prevention and resolution)
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)
International News Safety Institute
International Press Institute (IPI)
International Venezuelan Council for Democracy (IVCD)
 - Denunciation of the Venezuelan Electoral System
INTERPOL (International police organization)
 - Forensic report requested by Colombia on seized FARC computers and hardware (May 15 '08)
National Endowment for Democracy (NED), Venezuela Programs Facts
Observatorio Hannah Arendt (El derecho a la educación vs. ideologización de la educación)
Observatorio Venezolano de Prisiones Derechos Humanos en el ámbito penitenciario venezolano
Organization of American States (OAS) [Observers of the Recall Referendum fraud in August 2004]
 - OAS: Inter-American Democratic Charter [In effect?]
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos (Provea)
Red de Apoyo por la Justicia y la Paz
Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)
 - Chavez Hate Set Stage for Sabbath Armed Invasion and Desecration of Synagogue February 1, 2009
 - Venezuela's Anti-Semitic Campaign Protested by Simon Wiesenthal Center January 30, 2009
 - Antisemitism in Venezuela: SWC Protests to the Organization of American States January 29, 2009
 - SWC Condemns Inflamatory Statements by Venezuela's President Hugo Chávez March 6, 2008
 - President Chavez' Selective Remembrance: A Tribute to His Host Ahmadinejad July 6, 2007
The Carter Center [Observers of the Recall Referendum fraud in August 2004]
 - Report on an Analysis of the Representativeness of the Second Audit Sample, and the Correlation Between Petition Signers and the Yes Vote in the Aug. 15, 2004, Presidential Recall Referendum (.pdf)
The Human Rights Foundation (HRF)
 - Caracas Nine (Nine Victims of Political Persecution in Venezuela)
 - Tell Chávez (Demand Human Rights of Venezuela's Political Prisoners' Be Respected)
Transparency International (Corruption Perceptions Index)
Venezuela is 162th of 179 countries in 2007, the 17th most corrupt in the world.
Venezuela was 138th of 163 countries in 2006, the 25th most corrupt in the world.
It was 130th in 2005, 114th in 2004, 100th in 2003, 81th in 2002, 69th in 2001, 71th in 2000, 75th in 1999, 77th in 1998.
 - Transparencia Venezuela (Prevenir y disminuir el uso del poder público para beneficio personal)
According to the Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV), it can be stated that, by the end of fiscal exercise 2004, there was a difference of US $3,500 million between the money reported as paid by PDVSA and the amount that reached the BCV.
The Venezuelan government intervened in the official process for participation by Transparencia Venezuela at the Organization of American States (OAS) with the aim of silencing the 2006 report on that country's compliance with the Inter-American Convention against Corruption.
Un Fraude Largamente Preparado (urru.org - Índice de Documentos 2004 - Varios del fraude)
 - En busca del cisne negro Análisis de la evidencia estadística sobre el fraude electoral en Venezuela.
   Estudio de R. Haussman y R. Rigobón, para Súmate (.pdf, Sep 3 '04)
 - Fraud Against Democracy: The Venezuelan Case (.pdf, Oct 15 '04)
 - Fraud Against Democracy: The Venezuelan Case (Summary) (MS Word Document, Oct 15 '04)
 - Impugnacion del Referéndo Revocatorio ante el CNE (MS Word Document)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights United Nations - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)



Oil-Price.net:


Today's crude oil price, change, % change (WTI $/bbl)
Crude oil prices for the month, quarter, year, or 5-year period (WTI $/bbl)
[Venezuelan crude oil sells at a lower price]

See PetroleumWorld.com (Latin American Energy, Oil & Gas)


The First Law of Petropolitics: The price of oil and the pace of freedom always move in opposite directions. Thomas L. Friedman, Foreign Policy, May/June '06.



New Time Zone for Venezuela:

From 24 September 2007* the Time Zone for Venezuela would be GMT - 4:30 hrs.
This time zome was not available from the Windows Control Panel - Date and Time - Time Zone.

* [This change was again delayed, till December 9, 03:00]
   Hotfix to add a time zone in Venezuela (GMT-4:30) for 2007 in Windows XP, Server 2003, and Vista,
   Microsoft Support, September 28 '07 (available through Windows Update).


Manual solution:

  1. Download and run the Windows Time Zone Editor (TZEDIT.EXE) from Microsoft Support or from Microsoft Download.
  2. Create a new Time Zone, i.e. "New Time Zone VE", for GMT - 4:30 hrs.
  3. Activate it (when it is in effect) from the Control Panel - Date and Time - Time Zone.


This time zone change backs your clock, and advances all astronomical events, in 30 minutes.

This is the original time zone for the Legal Time in Venezuela, adopted in 1912 and based on the meridian of Villa de Cura (Longitude 67.5° W, Estado Aragua). It replaced the meridian based on Punta de Playa (Longitude 60° W, Estado Delta Amacuro) adopted in 1965 for GMT - 4 hrs.

Longitude on Earth is related to Local Time:
360° of Longitude equal 24 hours, this is; 1 hour equals 15° of Longitude (360/24 = 15).
67.5° of Longitude equal 4.5 hours (67.5/15 = 4.5).


With a time zone of GMT - 4 hrs, in 2007:
The Sun is zenital over Caracas on April 17 at 12:27, and August 26 at 12:29. *
The earliest sunrise occurs on May 30 at 06:04, and the latest on January 27 at 06:51. +
The earliest sunset occurs on November 18 at 18:01, and the latest on July 13 at 18:54. +
[All these events would be advanced by 30 minutes with the Time Zone GMT - 4:30 hrs]
With a time zone of GMT - 4:30 hrs, in 2007:
The earliest sunset would occur on November 18 at 17:31. +

* See Topocentric Positions of Major Solar System Objects and Bright Stars at the US Naval Observatory,
   or NOAA Solar Position Calculator.


With a time zone of GMT - 4 hrs, for Caracas:
The earliest sunrise occurs at 06:04, and the latest at 06:51.
The earliest sunset occurs a las 18:01, and the latest at 18:54.

With a time zone of GMT - 4:30 hrs, for Caracas:
The earliest sunrise occurs at 05:34, and the latest at 06:21.
The earliest sunset occurs at 17:31, and the latest at 18:24.


This page was updated in: July 1 '09

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